Volume Nr 5
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
UDK 536.658:541.183
G.U. Rakhmatkariev, E.B. Abdurakhmonov, F.G. Rakhmatkarieva, G.A. Doliev
ЕNERGETIC OF AMMONIA ADSORPTION IN LiX ZEOLITE
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Abstract. Background. Zeolites are currently the most important catalysts for the processing of various hydrocarbon raw materials in the oil refining industry. However, up to now it is not clear what their catalytic activity is related to - the existence of specific active centers or with features of the porous structure. For scientific substantiation of the reasons of catalytic activity of zeolites, in order to organize the production of effective products that meet latest requirements, systematic fundamental studies of the theoretical bases of adsorption processes occurring in zeolites at the molecular-structural level are necessary.
We have attempted to obtain detailed information in the structure of Li ion-molecule complexes with the base molecule-ammonia, which is a small probe molecule for acid sites and the mechanism of adsorption of ammonia at various stages of filling in LiX zeolite cavities by the method of precision adsorption calorimetry.
Purpose. To investigate the energetics, structure and localization of extra-lattice ion-molecular clusters in the nanostructured zeolite LiX.
Methodology. In the work the method of adsorption-energy stoichiometry developed in the laboratory is used, it is based on precision adsorption-calorimetric data that makes it possible to use a completely new approach in the interpretation in molecular level of the host-guest interaction in strategic molecular sieves of the faujasite type that are involved in the processes of fine chemical technology and processes production of gasoline.
Originality. For the first time the detailed mechanism of ammonia nanoclusters formation with a lithium cation in the LiX zeolite matrix in the entire filling region is presented.
Findings. The heats of differential adsorption of ammonia have a stepwise appearance where each step stoichiometrically reflects the formation of one- and multivariate adsorption clusters (Н2О)n/Li+ in the LiX zeolite matrix. In SIII, SII and SI sections in α-cages (NH3)n/Li+ clusters with Li+ cations are formed. Ammonia does not penetrate β-cages of LiX at room temperature. Adsorption isotherms are satisfactorily described by the three-term TOZM equations.
Key words: Ion-molecular complexes, LiX zeolite, ammonia, adsorption calorimetry.
Highlights:
* The stages adsorption of ammonia in zeolite LiX, formation of (NH3)n/Li+ clusters.
* The state of the ammonia molecules in LiX matrix is close to the ice-like.
To cite this article: G.U. Rakhmatkariev, E.B. Abdurakhmonov, F.G. Rakhmatkarieva, G.A. Doliev. Еnergetic of ammonia adsorption in lix zeolite // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp. 3-8.
Received: 25.09.2017; Accepted: 10.10.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References
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3. M. Hartmann and L. Kevan. Transition-Metal Ions in Aluminophosphate and Silicoaluminophosphate Molecular Sieves: Location, Interaction with Adsorbates and Catalytic Properties.//Chem. Rev. 99 (1999). -P. 635.
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8. Mortier W. J. Compilation of Extraframework Sites in Zeolites // Butterwo-rth: Guildford. U.K., 1982.
9. B.F. Mentzen, G.U. Rakhmatkariev. Host/Guest interactions in zeolitic nonostructured MFI type materials: Complementarity of X-ray Powder Diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, Adsorption calorimetry and Computer Simulations // Uzb. him. zhurnal. 2007. -No 6. -S. 10-31.
10. U. Rakhmatkariev. Mechanism of Adsorption of Water Vapor by Muscovite: A Model Based on Adsorption Calorimetry // Clays and Clay Minerals, 2006. -vol. 54. -P. 423-430.
11. Rahmatkariev G.U., Isirikyan A.A. Polnoe opisanie izoterm adsorbcii uravneniyami teorii ob``emnogo zapolneniya mikropor // Izv. AN SSSR, Ser.him. 1988. No11. S. 2644.
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UDK 546.719:543/545
S.B. Lyapin, G.U. Rakhmatkariev, V.P. Guro
ON THE MECHANISM OF COMPLEXATION OF RHENIUM WITH MERCAPTOACIDS IN THE MIXED HYDROCHLORIC-SULFURIC AND HYDROCHLORIC-NITRIC ACID SOLUTION
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Abstract. Background. Previously studied the reaction of rhenium with mercaptoacetic and mercaptopropionic acids, mixed acid solutions, it developed a spectrophotometric method of determining in sulphate environments, and there is provided a method to determine its content of nitrogen-sulfuric acid solutions. But the mechanism of complexation processes, which are of importance in the analytical chemistry of rhenium, remained unclear.
Purpose: To provide a mechanism rhenium interaction reactions with sulfur containing organic reagents - mercaptoacetic and mercaptopropionic acids in mixed solutions of HCl and HNO3, which are developed based on the above spectrophotometric method which involves determination of the rhenium in the presence of> 120 g / l of NO3-.
Methodology. Solutions of mercaptoacetic, 2-mercaptopropionic acids in a mixture with ammonium perrhenate were prepared. The absorption spectrum of the resulting compounds were recorded on spectrophotometers EPS-3T Hitachi, Japan and SPECORD M-40 Carl Zeiss, Germany.
Originality. The mechanism of complexation reactions in the system of Re(VII) - HCl - HNO3 - mercaptoacetic acid - Sn(II) with an absorption band at 465 nm is proposed. The mechanism of the reactions occurring in the interaction of Re(VII) with mercaptopropionic acid in the mixed salt-nitric acid solution in the presence of SnCl2, is just similar to above mentioned.
Findings. The absorption spectra removed Re compound with mercaptoacetic acid in the mixed solution of HCl and HNO3, at 5, 15, 30 and 120 minutes at a concentration of CRE = 4•10-5 M. The absorption spectra of the solutions removed complexes Re c mercaptoacetic acid in a mixture of HCl - H2SO4 and HCl-HNO3.
Key words: rhenium, mercapto acids, complexation, redox reaction, spectrophotometry, ion exchange.
Highlights.
* The absorption spectra of Re (VII) with mercaptoacetic acid
* The absorption spectra of Re (VII) with mercaptopropionic acid
* The mechanism of complexation of Re (VII) in these systems
To cite this article: S.B. Lyapin, G.U. Rakhmatkariev, V.P. Guro. On the mechanism of complexation of rhenium with mercaptoacids in the mixed hydrochloric-sulfuric and hydrochloric-nitric acid solution // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp.8-14.
Received: 02.10.2017; Accepted: 17.10.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References
1. H.T. SHaripov, V.P. Guro, A.N. Bozorov, E.T. Safarov. Granulirovanie molibdenitovogo koncentrata s organicheskim svyazuyus`him, povyishayus`hee vyihod semioksida reniya / V mat. Mezhd. nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii "Reniy, vol`fram, molibden. Nauchnyie issledovaniya, tehnologicheskie razrabotki, promyishlennoe primenenie" - OAO "Institut "GINcvetmet", 24-25 marta 2016 g. (g. Moskva, RF) - S. 84-89.
2. E.T. Safarov E.T, V.P. Guro, M.A. Ibragimova. Reaktor psevdoozhizhennogo sloya dlya obzhiga molibdenitovogo koncentrata. CHast` 1 // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy zhurnal. - 2017.-No1.- S.42-48.
3. E.T. Safarov E.T, V.P. Guro, M.A. Ibragimova. Reaktor psevdoozhizhennogo sloya dlya obzhiga molibdenitovogo koncentrata. CHast` 2 // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy zhurnal. - 2017.-No3.- S.20-25.
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7. E. E. Maltseva, A. A. Blokhin, Yu. V. Murashkin, M.A. Mikhaylenko. Influence of solution acidity on rhenium and molybdenium sorption on some weakly basic anionites /// Sorption and chromatographic processes. 2012. -Vol. 12. -No. 1. -pp. 78-84.
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11. S.B. Lyapin, N.A. Parpiev, L.L. Talipova. O mehanizme vzaimodeystviya Re (VII) s merkaptokislotami v smeshannyih solyano-azotnokislyih rastvorah v prisutstvii hlorida olova // Uzb. him. zh. - 1995. -No 4. -S. 26-31.
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14. S.B. Lyapin, P.YU. SHtyirlov, V.SH. Haspoladov, G.U. Rahmatkariev. Ochistka perrenata ammoniya ot vrednyih primesey s`helochnyih metallov i drugih soputstvuyus`hih yelementov metodom ionnogo obmena // Uzb. him. zh. 2011. -No6. -S. 36-39.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRI
UDK 631.85.661
1T. I. Nurmurodov, A. U. Erkaev, M. P. Turaev, B. KH. Kocharov, O. KH. Panjiev, KH. T. Sharipova
THE STUDY OF THE HYDROCHLORIC-, NITRIC - AND SULFURIC-ACID DECOMPOSITION OF LOW-GRADE PHOSPHORITES OF CENTRAL KYZYLKUM
Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, 1Navaji State Mining Institute, Navoi, Uzbekistan
Abstract. Background. With the expansion of the volume of production, primary processing and deep chemical processing of phosphate rock a year-by-year, the volumes of stored low-grade phosphorite, which is the tonnage of man-made waste. According to the latest data annual increase in off-balance low-grade phosphorite at Kyzylkum Phosphorite Complex is 40-45% of the total volume of mined phosphate ore and the production has accumulated more than 7.0 million tons of such ore. In this regard, the problem of disposal of off-balance low-grade phosphorite in phosphorus containing substances is most acute.
Purpose. The aim of this work is to develop the technology of production of precipitate by hydrochloric-, nitric - and sulfuric acid decomposition of low-grade phosphorites with the establishment of optimal technological parameters.
Methodology. Experiments were conducted on a laboratory installation consisting of a tubular glass reactor equipped with a paddle stirrer, driven by a motor. The required amount of hydrochloric acid was placed in a reactor and added the estimated number of low-grade phosphate raw materials with vigorous stirring (speed of rotation of the stirrer is 250-300 rpm). The temperature of the reaction mass was maintained at 40-45°C by contact thermometer. Download of phosphorite was carried out for 5-7 min. The composition of the liquid and solid phases, the intermediate and final reaction products, the contents of P2O5, NO2-, NO3- was determined by photocolorimetric and spectrometric methods, CA+2, Mg+2 and CO2 – by complexometric-titrimetric methods.
Originality. For the first time the regularities of the influence of main technological parameters on the process of nitric-, sulfuric- acids decomposition with hydrochloric acid enriched low-grade phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum were revealed.
Findings. The following process conditions were established: mass ratio of H2SO4:HNO3=9:91:18-82, the total rate of acid 100% relative to the calcium oxide, the process temperature 35-450C, the process time 2-3 min.
Key words: nitrogen, phosphorus, decomposition, ammoniate, by means of hydrochloric acid processing, deposit, suspension, filtrate, solution.
Highlights:
* Row materials used are low-grade phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum
* They were exposed to hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acid decomposition.
To cite this article: T. I. Nurmurodov, A. U. Erkaev, M. P. Turaev, B. KH. Kocharov, O. KH. Panjiev, KH. T. Sharipova. The study of the hydrochloric-, nitric - and sulfuric-acid decomposition of low-grade phosphorites of central kyzylkum // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp.15-20.
Received: 31.08.2017; Accepted: 30.09.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References
1. Kucherskiy N.I., Tolstov E.A., Mihin O.A., Mazurkevich A.P., Inozemtsev S.B., Kizilkumskiy fosforitniy kompleks. Poetapnoe osvoenie mestorojdeniya fosforitov// Gorniy vestnik Uzbekistana -No1.-2001.-S.4-9.
2. Nabiev M.N., Mamadjanov S.B., Akbarova V.T., Amirova A.M., Adilova M.R. Kinetika razlojeniya fosforitov Karatau solyanoy kislotoy. // Uzb. him. jurn. - 1987. - No6. - S. 3-6.
3. Mamadjanov S.B., Amirova A.M., Abdurahmanova D.R. Fiziko-himicheskie svoystva solyanokislotnih pulp i rastvorov. // Uzb. him. jurn. -1986. -No6. -S. 65-67.
4. Mamadjanov S.B., Amirova A.M., Adilova M.R., Abdurahmanova D.R. Poluchenie pretsipitata na osnove solyanokislotnih rastvorov fosforitov Karatau. // Uzb. him. jurn.-1985. -No6. -S. 42-44.
5. Mamadjanov S.B., Amirova A.M., Adilova M.R., Abdurahmanova D.R. Vliyanie tehnologicheskih parametrov na pretsipitirovaniya solyanokislotnoy vityajki fosfatov. // Uzb. him. jurn. -1987.- No3. -S. 47-49.
6. Nabiev M.N., Abdurahmanov Ý., Amirova A.M. Fiziko-himicheskie issledovaniya fosforitov Tsentralnih Kizilkumov. // Jurn. prikl. himii. -1984. -No5. -S. 969-973.
7. Nabiev M.N., Abdurahmanov Ý., Amirova A.M. Azotno-kislotnoe razlojenie fosforitov Tsentralnih Kizilkumov uchastka Djeroy. // Uzb. him. jurn.-1983. -No6. -S. 49-52.
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11. Predvaritelniy patent RUzIDP 05291. MKI 7S 05V 13/06. Sposob polucheniya slojnogo udobreniya. Erkaev A.U., Yusupbekov N.R., Artikov G.O. i dr. // Ihtirolar. Rasmiy ahborotnoma. -2002g. No4.
12. Yakubov R.Ya., Ibragimov K.G., Erkaev A.U. i dr. Issledovanie putey uluchsheniya fiziko-himicheskih svoystv nitrokaltsiyfosfatnogo udobreniya // Tez. dokl. mejdunar. nauchn. konf.: Volgograd.-2009.- S.31.
13. Yakubov R.Ya., Erkaev A.U., Ibragimov K.G., Toirov Z.K. Opredelenie effektivnosti vliyaniya modifitsiruyushih mineral'nih soley na gigroskopichnost' kompleksnih udobreniy. // Himicheskaya tehnologiya. Kontrol' i upravlenie. - 2010g. - No3. -S.5-11.
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15. Erkaev A.U., Ibragimov K.G., Toirov Z.K., Yakubov R.Ya. Konditsionirovanie nitrokaltsiyfosfatnogo udobreniya neorganicheskimi dobavkami // Himiya i himicheskaya tehnologiya.- 2010. - No2, -S.7-12.
16. Erkaev A.U., Iskanderov A.M., Nurmurodov T.I., Barotova SH.U., Tursunova D.A. Fosfokontsentrat na osnove Kizilkumskih fosforitov // Materiali respublikanskoy nauchno-tehnicheskoy konferentsii "Sovremennie tehnologii i innovatsii gorno-metallurgicheskoy otrasli" // Navoi, 2012g. 14-15 iyunya. -S.89.
17. Norkulova Z.M., Nurmurodov T.I., Umirov F.Ý, Turaev M.P. Udobreniya na osnove solyanokislotnoy pererabotki fosfatnogo sirya.// Materiali respublikanskoy nauchno-tehnicheskoy konferentsii "Aktualnie problemi himicheskoy tehnologii" // Buhara, 2014 g. 8-9 aprelya. -S. 42.
18. Kurbanova A.M., Reymov A.M., Nurmurodov T.I., Ayimbetov M.J., Turaev M.P., Fosfokontsentrat na osnove kislotnogo obogasheniya bednih fosforitov // Materiali respublikanskoy nauchno-tehnicheskoy konferentsii "Aktualnie problemi himicheskoy tehnologii" // Buhara, 2014 g. 8-9 aprelya. -S. 44.
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UDK 631.85.661
1T. I. Nurmurodov, A. U. Erkaev, M. P. Turaev, B. KH. Kocharov, O. KH. Panjiev, KH. T. Sharipova
STUDY OF AMMONIZATION PROCESS OF HYDROCHLORIC, NITRIC AND SULFURIC ACIDS EXTRACTION AND MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF FORMED PHOSPHATE PRECIPITATION
Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, 1Navaji State Mining Institute, Navoi, Uzbekistan
Abstract. Background. Currently, the increase in production of phosphate-based fertilizers mainly leads to an increase of production costs due to high specific consumption rates of raw materials and energy resources. On the other hand, almost all enterprises technical procedures development of appropriate technology is carried out using sulfuric or nitric acid with a high consumption rate in comparison with other phosphates. The processing of phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum (CK) with hydrochloric and nitric acid unified is still not investigated within technological scheme for phosphate salts obtaining.
Рurpose. The aim is the establishment of intensification technology of low-grade phosphorites processing with hydrochloric and nitric acids and further ammonization of clarified solution obtained by separation of the chlorine-calcium-phosphate and nitro-calcium-phosphate pulp prior to its neutralization.
Methodology. Experiments were performed on a laboratory installation consisting of a tubular glass reactor equipped with a paddle stirrer, driven by a motor. The required amount of hydrochloric acid was placed in a reactor and estimated amount of low-grade phosphate raw materials was added with vigorous stirring. The temperature of the reaction mass was maintained at 40-45°C by contact thermometer. Samples were analyzed for the content of CaO – with chelatometric method, N – with method of distilling off at Kheldal and CO2 – with volumetric method of determination of the amount of carbon dioxide emitted in the interaction of the sample with hydrochloric acid.
Originality. Three options of a process stage of ammunization with nitric - sulfuric acids extract (NSAE) were investigated, it was found out that increase of system’s pH leads to a variety in a degree of deposition of P2O5 and CaO in the range of 22.6-56.6 per cent, while an increase in the ratio of H2SO4 : HNO3 leads to 7,74÷90,3 % value of degree of deposition.
Findings. The ammonization of NSAE was studied and two-stage ammonization process was offered for receiving phosphate fertilizer products at pH value 2.0-2.5 as well as fluorite-less precipitate with 31.5% P2O5 content at pH 4.5 was offered.
Key words: nitrogen, phosphorus, decomposition, ammoniate, by means of hydrochloric acid processing, deposit, suspension, filtrate, solution.
Highlights:
* Two-stage NSAE ammonization process was proposed for fertilizer obtaining
* Purified calcium phosphate was obtained as well.
To cite this article: T. I. Nurmurodov, A. U. Erkaev, M. P. Turaev, B. KH. Kocharov, O. KH. Panjiev, KH. T. Sharipova. Study of ammonization process of hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acids extraction and mineralogical composition of formed phosphate precipitation // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp.20-28.
Received: 31.08.2017; Accepted: 30.09.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References
1. Kucherskiy N.I., Tolstov E.A., Mihin O.A., Mazurkevich A.P., Inozemtsev S.B., Kizilkumskiy fosforitniy kompleks. Poetapnoe osvoenie mestorojdeniya fosforitov.// Gorniy vestnik Uzbekistana -2001. -No1. - S.4-9.
2. Nabiev M.N., Mamadjanov S.B., Akbarova V.T., Amirova A.M., Adilova M.R. Kinetika razlojeniya fosforitov Karatau solyanoy kislotoy. // Uzb. him. jurn. - 1987. - No6. - S. 3-6.
3. Mamadjanov S.B., Amirova A.M., Abdurahmanova D.R. Fiziko-himicheskie svoystva solyanokislotnih pul'p i rastvorov. // Uzb. him. jurn. 1986. -No6. -S. 65-67.
4. Mamadjanov S.B., Amirova A.M., Adilova M.R., Abdurahmanova D.R. Poluchenie pretsipitata na osnove solyanokislotnih rastvorov fosforitov Karatau. // Uzb. him. jurn. -1985. -No6. -S. 42-44.
5. Mamadjanov S.B., Amirova A.M., Adilova M.R., Abdurahmanova D.R. Vliyanie tehnologicheskih parametrov na pretsipitirovaniya solyano kislotnoy vityajki fosfatov. // Uzb. him. j. -1987. -No3. -S. 47-49.
6. Nabiev M.N., Abdurahmanov Ý., Amirova A.M. Fiziko-himicheskie issledovaniya fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov. // Jurn. prikl. himii. -1984. -No5.- S. 969-973.
7. Nabiev M.N., Abdurahmanov Ý., Amirova A.M. Azotno-kislotnoe razlojenie fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov uchastka Djeroy. // Uzb. him. jurn. -1983. -No6. -S. 49-52.
8. Nabiev M.N., Abdurahmanov Ý., Amirova A.M. Vliyanie predvaritel'nogo objiga na protsess azotnokislotnogo razlojeniya fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov. // Uzb. him. jurn. -1984. -No4. -S. 20-23.
9. Paganyas I.K. Kislotnaya pererabotka fosfornogo sir'ya Kizilkumskogo mestorojdeniya na kompleksnie mineral'nie udobreniya.: Avtoref. dis… kand. tehn. nauk -Tashkent. -1989.-22 s.
10. Predvaritel'niy patent RUz IDP 05291. MKI 7S 05V 13/06. Sposob polucheniya slojnogo udobreniya. Ýrkaev A.U., Yusupbekov N.R., Artikov G.O. i dr. // Ihtirolar. Rasmiy ahborotnoma. -2002g. No4.
11. Yakubov R.Ya., Ibragimov K.G., Ýrkaev A.U. i dr. Issledovanie putey uluchsheniya fiziko-himicheskix svoystv nitrokal'tsiyfosfatnogo udobreniya // Tez. dokl. mejdunar. nauchn. konf.: Volgograd.-2009.- S.31.
12. Yakubov R.Ya., Ýrkaev A.U., Ibragimov K.G., Toirov Z.K. Opredelenie effektivnosti vliyaniya modifitsiruyushih mineral'nih soley na gigroskopichnost' kompleksnih udobreniy. // Himicheskaya tehnologiya. Kontrol' i upravlenie. - 2010. - No3. -S.5-11.
13. Yakubov R.Ya., Ýrkaev A.U., Ibragimov K.G., Toirov Z.K. Organizatsiya proizvodstva NRK udobreniya s ispol'zovaniem nizkosortnih fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov // Himicheskaya tehnologiya. Kontrol' i upravlenie. - 2010. - No3.- S.5-11.
14. Ýrkaev A.U., Ibragimov K.G., Toirov Z.K., Yakubov R.Ya. Konditsionirovanie nitrokal'tsiyfosfatnogo udobreniya neorganicheskimi dobavkami // Himiya i himicheskaya tehnologiya.- 2010. - No2.- S.7-12.
15. Ýrkaev A.U., Iskanderov A.M., Nurmurodov T.I., Barotova SH.U., Tursunova D.A. Fosfokontsentrat na osnove Kizilkumovskih fosforitov // Materiali respublikanskoy nauchno-tehnicheskoy konferentsii "Sovremennie tehnologii i innovatsii gorno-metallurgicheskoy otrasli" /Navoi, 2012g. 14-15 iyunya. -C.89.
16. Norkulova Z.M., Nurmurodov T.I., Umirov F.Ý., Turaev M.P. Udobreniya na osnove solyanokislotnoy pererabotki fosfatnogo sir'ya // Materiali respublikanskoy nauchno-tehnicheskoé konferentsii "Aktual'nie problemi himicheskoy tehnologii". Buhara, 2014g. 8-9 aprelya/ -S.42.
17. Kurbanova A.M., Reymov A.M., Nurmurodov T.I., Ayimbetov M.J., Turaev M.P. Fosfokontsentrat na osnove kislotnogo obogasheniya bednih fosforitov // Materiali respublikanskoy nauchno-tehnicheskoy konferentsii "Aktual'nie problemi himicheskoy tehnologii"/ Buhara, 2014g. 8-9 aprelya. -S.44.
18. Abdurahmonov Ý., Nurmurodov T.I., Hasanova Yu.SH., Yusupova F.U., Turaev M.P. Izuchenie protsessa obesftorivaniya iz azotnokislotnih pul'p fosforitov // Materiali respublikanskoy nauchno-tehnicheskoy konferentsii "Perspektivi nauki i proizvodstva himicheskoy tehnologii v Uzbekistane". Navoi, 2014g. 23-24 maya. -S.47.
19. Udobreniya mineral'nie. Metodi analiza. GOST 2851.1 -75 (ST SÝV 2531 - 89, ST SÝV 2532 -80, ST SÝV 3369 -81). Moskva.
20. Pod redaktsiey I.K. Krotovoy. Metodi analiza fosfatnogo sir'ya fosfornih i kompleksnih udobreniy, kormovih fosfatov. Moskva, "Himiya".- 1975 g. -219 s.
21. Mirkin L.I. Spravochnik po rentgenostrukturnomu analizu polikristallov. - M: -1961. -863s.
22. Miheev V.I. rentgenometricheskiy opredelitel' mineralov. V 2-h t.-M.: -1957. -T.1.-868s.
23. Kartoteka ASTM.-1967.
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UDK 661.824+661.846
1M.E.Akhmedov, 1A.T.Dadakhodzhaev, 2V.P.Guro
PROCESSING OF DOLOMITE WITH SULFURIC ACID WITH THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE AND GYPSUM BINDERS
1JSC “Uzkimyosanoat”, 2Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, innovatsiya2@uks.uz, vpguro@rambler.ru
Abstract. Background. Uzbekistan still doesn’t possess its own magnesium sulfate production industry. The need in it for farms is satisfied through imports. The raw material for its production are magnesite, dolomite. To organize its production, JSC "Maxam-Chirchik" attracted dolomite.
Purpose: to develop a technological scheme for the production of magnesium sulfate and gypsum binders, to determine the influence factors on the filtration rate and the yield of magnesium sulphate, to control the binding properties of gypsum, to calculate the consumption rates of raw materials produced by MgSO4∙7H2O in experimental conditions of JSC "Maxam-Chirchik" .
Methodology. Standard methods for processing mineral raw materials by sulfuric acid method, with pH control, element and chemical composition of solutions by volumetric and titrimetric methods of analysis.
Originality. The possibility of obtaining magnesium sulphate and gypsum binders from local dolomite by its decomposition with sulfuric acid was established, followed by filtration of the resulting suspension, crystallization of magnesium sulfate from the filtrate, separation and drying of the product.
Findings. Calculations have been made and a technological scheme for the production of magnesium sulphate has been developed, pilot-industrial tests have been carried out, and optimal technological parameters have been established. The developed technology provides a high quality product with a lower cost compared to imported analogues.
Key words: Dolomite, sulfuric acid, gypsum, ammonium sulfate, filtration, evaporation, crystallization.
Highlights:
* Magnesium sulfate and gypsum binders from local dolomite were obtained.
* Experimental and industrial testing of the technology was carried out.
* The quality of the product meets the specifications
To cite this article: M.E.Akhmedov, A.T.Dadakhodzhaev, V.P.Guro. Processing of dolomite with sulfuric acid with the production of magnesium sulphate and gypsum binders // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp.28-34.
Received: 03.10.2017; Accepted: 10.10.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References
1. Dadakhodzhaev A.T. Razrabotka I vnedreniy tehnologicheskih prosessov pererabotki dolomita. O'zbekskiy ximicheskiy zhurnal. Chast 1. 2015g. No2, S.69-74.
2. Akhmedov M.E., Dadakhodzhaev A.T., Guro V.P. Obrabotka dolomita sernoy kislotoy s polucheniem sulfata magniya. Medhunarodnaya nauchno-tekhnicheskaya konferensiya «Dostizheniya, problemi i sovremenniy tendensii razvitiya gorno-metallurgicheskogo kompleksa». Navoiyskiy gosudarstvenniy gorniy institut. O'zbekistan. 12-14 iyunya 2017g., s.463.
3. Tekhnologiya mineralnih soley. Tom 1. M.E. Pozin/ iz-vo L. Himiya. 1970g.
4. O.B. Dormeshkin, A.N. Gavrilyuk, N.I. Vorobyov, G.X. Cherches. Polucheniy vodorastvorimogo udobreniya – sulfata magniya iz dolomita. Trudiy Belorusskiy gosudarstvenniy tekhnologicheskiy universitet. 2016g, No3, s.60-68.
5. Patent No2123022, Rossiya, Kl. С09К3/18 С01В21/48. Sposob polucheniya reagent na osnove komplexsnih soyedineniy kalsiya I nagniya / Кalner V.D. оt 10.12.1998g.
6. Patent No20110682. Sposob polucheniya gipsa iz dolomita. Sakovich A.A, Kuzmenkov D.M., Shaluha N.M., Bagdanovich I.A. Belorrusskiy gosudarstvenniy tekhnologicheskiy universitet. 17.05.2011g.
7. Polucheniy sulfata magniya na osnove dolomita. O.B. Dormeshkin I dr. Noveyshiy dostizheniya v oblasti importozamesheniya v khimicheskoy promishlennosti i proizvodstve stroitelnih materialov: materiali Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferensiy. Ch.1. Minsk, 22-23 noyabrya 2012g. s.1216.
8. Patent No18888. Sposob polucheniya sulfata magniya. O.B. Dormeshkin, A.N. Gavrilyuk, N.I. Vorobyov, G.X. Cherches I dr. Belorrusskiy gosudarstvenniy tekhnologicheskiy universitet. 25.09.2014g.
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UDK 666.295
F.I.Erkabaev, U.K.Ahmedov
INVESTIGATION OF PROCESSES OF SEDIMENTATION AND FILTRATION OF GYPSUM, IRON (III) AND CHROME (III) HYDROXIDES
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, e-mail: erkabaevf@rambler.ru
Abstract. Background. In the process of recovery and extraction of compounds of chromium (III) ions from spent chromate-containing solutions, the accompanying components, like iron and others, contaminate the final products. Waste technological solutions need to be pre cleaned.
To separate iron (III) hydroxide from the spent chromate-containing solution, the ability to precipitate metals in the form of hydroxides at various pHs of the medium, which is achieved by alkalinization with a solution of sodium hydroxide, was used. To optimize the filtration process, it is necessary to study the degrees of precipitation of iron (III) and chromium (III) ions, as well as the effect of solution pH on the process.
Purpose of this work is to study the process of precipitation of gypsum, iron (III) hydroxides and chromium (III) in the preparation of chromium (III) oxide from spent chromate-containing solutions of the galvanic chromium process. Determination of the optimal parameters of deposition and filtration processes of the formed intermediate pulps and the product obtained.
Methodology. Sedimentation precipitation and vacuum filtration methods were used, intermediate gypsum pulps, iron (III) hydroxides and chromium (III) hydroxides formed.
Originality. It has been established that for the binding of SO42- ions, the ratio H2SO4:Ca(OH)2 is 1:0.7, and for practical purposes the above ratio can be taken as 1:0.8÷1. It was also determined that the optimum ratio of chromium (III) hydroxide and NaOH (10%) is Cr(OH)3:NaOH=5:1. If the above reagents are observed, the pH of the chromium solution will increase to pH 6-6.5 and 95-97% of Cr3+ ions.
Findings. The ratio of components for carrying out the processes of precipitation of gypsum H2SO4:Ca(OH)2 = 1:0.7, and chromium (III) hydroxide Cr(OH)3: NaOH = 5:1, which optimizes the parameters of the filtration process for pulps of gypsum, iron hydroxides (III) and chromium (III).
Key words: pulp, filtration rate, filter cloth, liquid phase, solid phase, viscosity.
Highlights:
* The components of the process are defined;
* The optimum parameters of the pulp filtration process are defined.
To cite this article: F.I.Erkabaev, U.K.Ahmedov. Investigation of processes of sedimentation and filtration of gypsum, iron (III) and chrome (III) hydroxides // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp.34-39.
Received: 03.11.2017; Accepted: 09.11.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References
1. Minligulova G.A., Shayhiev I.G. Issledovanie ochistki stochnih vod, soderjashih ioni tyajolih metallov OAO "KAMAZ", stokami neftehimicheskih proizvodstv // Vestnik Kazan. tehnol. un-ta.-2011.-T. 14.-No 6.-S.166-171.
2. Shayhiev I.G. Minlegulova G.A. Issledovanie ochistki kislih modelnih stokov, soderashih ionov tyajelih metallov, stochnimi vodami neftehimicheskih proizvodstv // Vestnik Kazan. tehnol. un-ta.-2011.-T.14.- No 12.-S.118-122.
3. I.G. Shayhiev, G.Sh. Zaripov, G.A. Minligulova G.A. Issledovanie ochistki hromsodejhashih galvanostokov OAO "KamAZ” // Vestnik mashinostroeniya.-2010.- No 8.-S.81-83.
4. Razrabotka tehnologii obezvrezhivaniya otrabotannih elektrolitov.// Otchet o NIR Zaporojskogo industrialnogo instituta.-Zaporoje.-1987.-S.23-24.
5. Park Donghee, Lim Seong-Rin, Yun Yeoung-Sang, Park Jong Moon
Reliable evidences that the removal mechanism of hexavalent chromium by natural biomaterials is adsorption-coupled reduction // Chemosphere.-2007.-(70).- No 2.-S.298-305).
6 . Sarin Vikrant, Singh Tony Sarvinder, Pant K. K. Thermodynamic and breakthrough column studies for the selective sorption of chromium from industrial effluent on activated eucalyptus bark // Bioresour. Technol.-2006.-(97).- No 16.-R.- 1986-1993.
7. Gupta S., Babu B. V. Removal of toxic metal Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using sawdust as adsorbent: Equilibrium, kinetics and regeneration studies // Chem. Eng. J.-2009.-(150).- No 2-3.-S.352-365.
8. Ishanhodjaev S., Erkabaev F.I., Hasanov B., Ishanhodjaev S.S.//Issledovanie processa vosstanovleniya ionov shestivalentnogo hroma. Nauchno-tehnicheskaya konferenciya professorov, prepodavateley, aspirantov, doktorantov, molodih uchenyih i studentov, ToshKTI Fan haftaligi, Toshkent.-2001.-47-в.
9. Ishanhodjaev S., Hasanov B.//Pigmenti na osnove otrabotannyih rastvorov hroma. Nauchno-tehnicheskaya konferenciya "Novyie neorganicheskie materialyi", TashHTI, Tashkent.-2000.-S.139-140.
10. Poluchenie pigmenta iz otrabotannyih hromovih elektrolitov. Ishanhodjaev S., Erkabaev F.I., Ishanhodjaev S.S, Hasanov B.//ToshKTI fan haftaligi: Tez.dokl.-Tashkent/-2000.- T., 2000.-S.9-10.
11. N.S.Ahmetov. Obshaya i neorganicheskaya himiya. Uchebnik dlya VUZov.-M.: Visshaya shkola/-1981.- 588 s.
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UDK 666.295.004
F.I.Erkabaev
TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING CHROME (III) OXIDE FROM PROCESSED CHROMATHY-CONTAINING SOLUTIONS
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, e-mail: erkabaevf@rambler.ru
Abstract. Background. In electrochemical production, contamination of chromium electrolytes disables them, it is very difficult to regenerate them. Chromium contained in waste solutions and wastewater presents in toxic hexavalent form. Utilization of waste solutions with parallel production of commodity materials has great economic and social significance.
Chemical methods for processing waste solutions and wastewater are relatively effective, but they require relatively expensive imported reagents such as sulfite, sodium bisulfite and potassium, iron (II) sulphate, etc., and a non-liquid sludge is formed during processing.
The work presents the results of studies on the reduction of hexavalent chromium ions to trivalent in spent chromate-containing solutions, as well as the release of chromium (III) hydroxide from the solution, followed by the production of chromium (III) oxide. A basic technological scheme of the process has been developed and chromium (III) oxide obtained from production wastes.
Purpose. The aim of this work is to develop a technology for the production of chromium (III) oxide from spent chromate-containing solutions of the galvanic chromium process, as well as utilization of difficultly recyclable waste.
Methodology. As the object of investigation, a model waste solution of the chromium process was used, and reagents for the reduction of hexavalent chromium. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis (spectrophotometer KFK-3) were used to determine the concentrations of chromium ions.
Originality. A study of the reduction process in high concentrations of chromate ions in an acid medium under certain conditions established the reducing properties of wood chips of hexavalent chromium ions to a trivalent due to active centers contained in the structure of cellulose wood sawdust.
Findings. A technology has been developed for the production of chromium (III) oxide from spent chromate-containing solutions, which can be used to produce chromium (III) pigment by simultaneous utilization of highly toxic industrial wastes.
Key words: electrolyte, spent solution, reduction, precipitation, chromium (III) oxide, pigment.
Highlights:
* The technology of obtaining chromium (III) oxide from wastes has been developed;
* Difficultly recyclable toxic waste was disposed of.
To cite this article: F.I.Erkabaev. Technology of obtaining chrome (III) oxide from processed chromathy-containing solutions // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp.40-45.
Received: 08.09.2017; Accepted: 08.10.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References
1. Noorganik materiallar kimyoviy tehnologiyasi. A.A.Ismatov, T.L.Atakuziev, N.P.Ismoilov, F.M.Mirzaev.- T.: Uzbekistan, 2002.- 251 s.
2. M.E.Pozin. Tehnologiya mineralnih soley.- L.: Himicheskaya liter., 1961.-425 s.
3. Vrednie veshestva v promishlennosti Pod obshey redaksiey prof.Lazareva N.V. tom.II.-M.: Himiya, 1965.-481 s.
4. Tuymetov B.SH., Irkahodjaeva A. P. Reaksiya obrazovaniya dvustronsievogo titanodisilikata. - Uzb.him.jurn. - 1990. – No.1. - 5 s.
5. Tuymetov B.SH., Irkahodjaeva A. P. Sintez i isledovaniya dvubarievogo titanodisilikata. - Uzb.him.jurn. - 1989. – No.1. - 66 s.
6. M.Yu. Gulyamov, A.P.Irkahodjaeva. Fiziko-himicheskie svoystva legkoplavkih glazurey, zaglushennih dioksidom margansa. - Uzb.him.jurn. - 1997. - No.2. - S. 3-4
7. Sirajiddinov N.A., Irkahodjaeva A.P. Glushennyie titansoderjashie glazuri. Tashkent: FAN. - 1988 g. - 126 s.
8. Gafarova D.K., Irkahodjaeva A.P., Sirajiddinov N.A. Poluchenie i nekotorie svoystva glushennih titansoderjashih svetnih glazurey. -Uzb.him.jurn. - 1985. - No.3. - S. 66-70.
9. Vrednyie veshestva v promyishlennosti Pod obshey redaksiey prof. Lazareva N.V. tom.II.-M.: Himiya, 1965.-481 s.
10. Razrabotka tehnologii obezvrezhivaniya otrabotannih elektrolitov.// Otchet o NIR Zaporozhskogo industrialnogo instituta,- Zaporozhe. 1987.- S. 23-24.
11. Berg L.G. Vvedenie v termografii.- M.: Nauka, 1969.-369 s.
12. Prikladnaya elektrohimiya / I.P.Fedotov, A.F.Alabishev, A.L.Rotinyan, P.M.Vyacheslavov, P.B.Jivotovskiy, A.A.Galnberk; Pod.red.prof.N.P.Fedot`eva. -L.: Himiya, 1967.- 590 s.
13. Siryo i poluprodukti dlya lakokrasochnyih materialov. Spravoch.posobie / Pod.red. M.M.Gildberga.- M.: Himiya, 1978,- 464 s.
14. E.F.Belinskiy, I.V.Riskin. Himiya i tehnologiya pigmentov. M.: Himiya, 1974.- 449 s.
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UDK 547.945:547.79:548.737
S.B.Khaytmetova, A.S.Turayev
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING ANTIARITHMAL PREPARATION ON THE BASIS OF MODIFIED CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, E-mail: xsb75@mail.ru
Abstract. Background: An important problem of modern pharmacotherapy is the prolonging the action and the deposition of drugs, inextricably linked to finding ways to enhance their action, reducing toxic side effects, as well as studying the most rational ways of their introduction into the body.
Prolonging the time of action of drugs is an important problem of pharmaceutical technology, since in many cases it is necessary to maintain a long-term concentration of drugs in biological fluids and body tissues. This requirement of pharmacotherapy is especially important when taking drugs, the concentration of which decreases the efficiency of treatment and produced resistant strains of microorganisms, for the destruction of which higher doses of the drug are required, and this, in turn, leads to an increase in the side effect.
Purpose. Developing technology for the production of biologically active sustained-release agents with anti-arrhythmic activity based on modified CMC and ethacyzina hydrochloride, by incorporating ethacyzina in the Na-CMC macromolecule, through ionic bonding.
Methodology. The IR spectra were recorded on a Furye IR spectrometer of the 2000 system of Perkin Elmer, in the wavelength range 500-4000 cm-1 in a KBr tablet. The content of the chemically bound ethacyzin in the reaction product was determined using a spectrophotometric method, in a SF-26 spectrophotometer at 267 nm.
Originality. For the first time, by incorporating ethacyzin into the Na-CMC macromolecule through ionic bonding, technology has been developed for the preparation of a prolonging drug complex with an antiarrhythmic effect.
Findings. As a result of the study, the macromolecular antiarrhythmic drug "Polyethacyzin" was developed for the first time on the basis of the modified Na-CMC by incorporating ethacyzina in the macromolecule Na-CMC, by means of ionic bond. The technology of obtaining a prolonging drug complex with antiarrhythmic action has been developed.
Keywords: macromolecular medicinal system, anti-arrhythmic activity, polymeric complex, prolonged action, ethacyzin, carboxymethylcellulose.
Highlights:
* Antiarrhythmic drug based on modified CMC and ethacyzina hydrochloride.
* The reaction is carried out at room temperature.
* Prolonged drug has a pronounced antiarrhythmic effect.
* By activity it is equal to etatsizinu, but considerably exceeds it pharmacologically.
To cite this article: S.B.Khaytmetova, A.S.Turayev. Development of technology for obtaining antiarithmal preparation on the basis of modified carboxymethylcellulose // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp.45-51.
Received: 28.09.2017; Accepted: 13.10.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References:
1. Korjavih E., Rumyantsev A. Lekarstvennie formi s modifitsirovannim visvobojdeniem i deystviem. Rossiyskie apteki. -No4. -2003.
2. R. I. Mustafin //Kazanskiy med. jurn. -1995. -No 3, -S.256 – 258.
3. S.N. Golikov, G.A. Gur'yanov, V.K. Kozlov // Farmakol. i toksikol. -1998. -No2. -S.5 – 15.
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7. Chueshov I. Promishlennaya tehnologiya lekarstv //Uchebnik-Harkov, NFAU, -2002.-715 s.
8. Milovanova L.N. Tehnologiya izgotovleniya lekarstvennih form. Rostov na Donu: Meditsina, 2002.
9. Krasnyuk I.N. Farmatsevticheskaya tehnologiya: Tehnologiya lekarstvennih form. M.: Izdatel'skiy sentr "Akademiya", 2004.
10. Gal'brayh L.S. Sellyuloza i eyo proizvodnie // Sorosovskiy obrazovatel'niy jurnal. 1996. -No11. -S. 47-53.
11. Turaev A.S. Polimernie karbokisloti: sintez, prevrashenie, svoystva, medico-biologicheskie polimeri na ih osnove: Dis….dokt. him.nauk. -Tashkent: UzR FA, 1993.
12. Shomurotov Sh.A. Sintez i izuchenie protivotuberkuleznoy aktivnosti proizvodnih karboksimetilsellyulozi i poligalakturonovoy kisloti s gidrozidom izonikotinovoy kisloti i etanbutolom: Dis…. kand. him. nauk.- Tashkent: UzR FA, 2009.
13. Kunal Paletal. Development of carboxymethyl cellulose acrylate for various biomedical applications // Biomed. Mater.2006. -No1 -Р.85-91.
14. Filatova A.V. Strukturirovanie Nа-karboksimetilsellyulozi v rastvore i poluchenie gelevih kompozitsiy na eyo osnove: Avtoref. Dis…. kand. him. nauk.- Tashkent: UzR FA, 2001.
15. Haytmetova S.B., Turayev A.S. Polimernie lekarstvennie preparati na osnove modefitsirovannoy karboksimetiltsellyulozi //Uzbekskiy himicheskiy jurnal, spetsial'niy vipusk 2011 g. S 12-15.
16. S.B. Haytmetova, T. Gulyamov, A.S.Turayev Tanglay bilan sun`iy tanglay tish orasidagi kelishuvchanlikni yahshilovchi adgeziv preparati. // Uzbekiston kimyo jurnali. -2008. –No2. –B.86-89.
17. Haytmetova S.B., Sh.A.Shomurotov, M.Yu.Muhamedjonova, A.S.Turayev. Antiaritmicheskiy preparat na osnove karboksimetiltsellyulozi. //Nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya «Aktual'nie voprosi obrazovaniya, nauki i proizvodstva v farmatsii» 10-11 dekabrya 2008 g. Tashkent 2008. -S.120-121.
18. Haytmetova S.B., Shomurotov Sh.A., Muhamedjanova M.Yu., Turayev A.S. Noviy prolongiruyushchiy antiaritmicheskiy preparat na osnove karboksimetiltsellyulozi. // Konferentsiya s mejdunarodnim uchastiem «Aktual'nie problemi himii prirodnih soedineniy» (18-19 marta 2009g.)
19. Haytmetova S.B., Sh.A. Shomurotov, M.Yu.Muhamedjonova, Kurmukov A.G., A.S.Turayev. Antiaritmicheskiy preparat na osnove karboksimetiltsellyulozy prolongiruyushego deystviya“ // Bioorganik kimyo muammolari” VI respublika yosh kimyogarlar konferensiyasi, Namangan 20-21 noyabr 2009 yil.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UDC. 547.945:547.79:548.737
1J.M. Ashurov, 2O.V. Myachina, 3Kh.U.Khodjaniyazov 1B.T..Ibragimov
α-NAPHTYLACETIC ACID COMPLEXES AND THEIR PLANT GROWTH STIMULATING ACTIVITY
1Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, , e-mail: ibchem@uzsci.net,
2Institute of the General and Inorganic Chemistry,
3Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan
Abstract. Background. Creating biostimulators with low toxicity and high efficiency that increase the productivity of plants is actual in the global agriculture. Today, the chemicals used in agriculture and medicine include synergism, which is the result of a combination of two or more substances in common than one type of substance. Therefore, the synthesis, structure and biological activity of mixed-ligand complexes on the basis of different chemical compounds, allows obtainingthe new effective biologically active substances.
Purpose. Obtaining of α-Naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) and monoethanolamine (MEA)complexes, investigating their spatial structure and comparative study of the plant growth stimulating activity.
Methodology. The monocrystals of the compounds were grown and their molecular and crystalline structures were determined by X-ray analysis. The plant growth stimulating activity of these compounds has been studied.
Originality. For the first time, the spatial structures of [NAA•MEA]and [Cu(NAA)2(MEA)2] complexes have been identified. It has been shown that the resulting compounds exhibit plant growth stimulating activity.
Findings. As a result of these studies, complex compounds of [NAA• MEA] (II) and [Cu (NAA)2(MEA)2] (III) were obtained on the basis of NAA and MEA. The molecular and crystalline structures of the obtained compounds were studied in detail with X-ray (RSA). The plant growth stimulating activities of complexes were studied.
Keywords: сomplex salts, α-naphthylacetic acid, monoethanolamine, X-ray diffraction analysis, plant growth stimulating activity.
Highlights:
* Composition and structure of complexes with NAA and MEA were determined.
* The plant growth stimulating activity of obtained complexes has been investigated.
To cite this article: J.M. Ashurov, O.V. Myachina, Kh.U.Khodjaniyazov B.T..Ibragimov. α-naphtylacetic acid complexes and their plant growth stimulating activity // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp.52-56.
Received: 03.11.2017; Accepted: 09.11.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References
1. Zhang, Z.M., Yin, F.J., Li, S.A., et al., ActaCrystallogr., Sect. E: Structure Reports Online, 2012, vol. 68, p. m328.
2. Yin, F.J., Han, L.J., Yang, S.P., et al., ActaCrystallogr., Sect. E: Structure Reports Online, 2011, vol. 67, p. m1821.
3. Duan, J.G., Liu, J.W., and Wu, S., ActaCrystallogr., Sect. E: Structure Reports Online, 2007, vol. 63, p. m692.
4. CrysAlisPro. Version 1.171.33.40, Oxford Diffraction, 2007.
5. Sheldrick, G.M., ActaCrystallogr., Sect. A: Found.Crystallogr., 1990, vol. 46, p. 467.
6. SHELXL_97. Program for the Refinement of Crystal Structures, Gottingen (Germany): Univ. of Gottingen, 1997.
7. Siemens, XP. Molecular Graphics Program. Version 5.03, Madison (WI, USA): Siemens Analytical X-Ray Instruments Inc., 1994.
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UDK 541.64:677.023.75
Sh.A.Sultonov, M.R. Amonov, D.K.Sayimova
SAPONIFICATION REACTION IN ACRYLIC EMULSION STUDY
Navoi State Pedagogical Institute
Abstract. Background. Acrylic emulsions are not directly used in the textile industry due to the formation of a thin film on the surface of the printed patterns, which makes it difficult to fill the patterns. To use as a thickener, a chemical modification of the acrylic emulsion is required. The receipt of emulsions that are not inferior to the existing ones and used in the paint and varnish and textile industries, as well as when drilling wells today is an urgent task.
Purpose. to study the process of saponification of acrylic emulsions and rheological properties of concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrolyzed emulsions.
Methodology. Standard methods for investigating the physicochemical properties of acrylic and hydrolyzed. Application of the method for determining the light absorption spectra of the compounds formed on EPS-3T spectrophotometers ("Hitachi", Japan) and SPECORD M-40 ("Carl Zeiss", Germany).
Originality. For the first time, the combination of acrylic emulsion with other compounds made it possible to obtain a composition with an improved complex of properties.
Findings. It was found that the greater the degree of saponification of the AE, the greater the viscosity of the solution; with increasing alkali concentration and temperature, the viscosity of the saponified product increases; it was found that the optimum ratio of AE: H2O, it is established that with increasing temperature, the density of hydrolyzed acrylic emulsion decreases monotonically, and increases with saponification.
Key words: acrylic emulsion, hydrolysis, viscosity, density, temperature, thickener, solution.
Highlights:
* A composition of hydrolyzed acrylic emulsion with an improved complex of properties was obtained.
* The rheological properties of concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrolyzed emulsions were studied.
To cite this article: Sh.A.Sultonov, M.R. Amonov, D.K.Sayimova. Saponification reaction in acrylic emulsion study // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp.56-62.
Received: 03.11.2017; Accepted: 09.11.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References
1. Vedeneeva S.N. Vzaimodeystvie pigmentov s akrilovyimi zagustitelyami // Tekstil`naya prom-st`. -1976.-No10.- S.66-67.
2. Kurenkov V.F., Bayburdov T.A. Kislotnyiy i s`helochnyiy gidroliz poliakrilamida//ZHurn. Himiya i himicheskaya tehnologiya. -T.32. -1999.
3. Bayburdov T.A., Avvakumova N.B., Kurenkov V.F. Praktikum po fiziki i himii polimerov. - M.: Himiya, 1990.-S125-130.
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UDK 665.6/7:621.928.3
A. M. Hurmamatov
INFLUENCE OF THE CONSTRUCTION PARAMETERS ON EFFICIENCY OF CLEANING OF THE HYDROCLONE
Institute of the general and inorganic chemistry of AS of RUz, Tashkent, E-mail: gafuri_19805@mail.ru
Abstract. Background.In industrial practice most often to hydromechanical division of the systems liquid – solid substance is applied by the low-productive and material-intensive settling devices applying considerable floor spaces. The intensification of the processes of the division of such mixes is reached by replacement of gravitational upholding with sedimentation in a centrifugal field. These devices are the modern, highly effective equipment of a universal purpose having in some cases essential advantages in comparison with other types of the equipment realizing the principle of centrifugal effect.
Purpose of the research is – study of the influence of changes of various design and regimes dates on efficiency of cleaning of a hydroclone.
Methodology. As object of research the two-level bow-shaped hydrocloneis have been used. When carrying out experiences are used: statistical methods of processing of experimental data; methods of determination of physical properties of hydrocarbons and oil products.
Originality. It is established that at change of various design data of a bow-shaped hydroclone are determined optimum regime constructional parameters of process of cleaning of oil-gas condensate raw materials of mechanical impurity in a centrifugal field.
Findings. The pilot studies was conducted, on influence of regime design data on efficiency of cleaning of the usual and offered hydroclone testify that the offered hydroclone more effective, than a usual hydroclone for 2,19%. The following optimum regime design data are received: a ratio of depth of landing of a drain branch pipe of h/d - 3,5; efficiency of cleaning – 99,85%; hydraulic resistance of the device – 1200 Pas; a ratio of diameter of a drain branch pipe of H/D – 2,8.
Keywords: oil, gas condensate, stream speed, efficiency of cleaning, hydroclone, mix.
Highlights:
* Optimum regime design data of a bow-shaped hydroclone are established.
* The offered hydroclone more effective, than a usual hydrocyclone for 2,19%.
To cite this article: A. M. Hurmamatov. Influence of the construction parameters on efficiency of cleaning of the hydroclone // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp.63-69.
Received: 03.11.2017; Accepted: 09.11.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References
1. Sokolov V.I. Trubchatie sverhtsentrifugi. – М.: GNTIHL, 1949. –S. 28-29. -145 s.
2. Sokolov V.I., Atabaev A.B. Sverhtsentrifuga visokih parametrov // Nauka i tehnologii v promishlennosti. – 2001, No1(4). – S. 47.
3. Baranov D.A., Kutepov A.M., Ternovskiy I.G. Razdelenie maslyanih emulsify v gidrotsiklonnih apparatah // Himiya i tehnologiya topliv i masel. – 1986. -No3. - S.16-18.
4. Kasatkin A. G. Osnovnie prosessi i apparati himicheskoy tehnologii. – M.: Himiya,1973. –S. 118-119. -750 s.
5. Naydenko V.V. Primenenie matematicheskih metodov i EVM dlya optimizatsii i upravleniya protsessami razdeleniya suspenziy v gidrotsiklonah. – Gorkiy: Volgo-Vyat. kn. izd-vo, 1976. –S. 96-97. -287 s.
6. Baranov D.A., Kutepov A.M., Lagutkin M.G. Paschet separatsionnih protsessov v gidrotsiklonah // ТОHТ. - 1996. - Т.30, No 2. –S.117-122.
7. Sokolov V.I. Tsentrifugirovanie. - М.: Himiya, 1976. –S. 101-102. -408 s.
8. Sokolov V.I., Sokolov N.V. Sovershenstvovanie protsessa separirovaniya jidkih neodnorodnih sistem // Himiya i neft. Mashinistroenie. – 1986, -No3.-S. 15-16.
9. Shkoropad D.E., Novikov O.P. Tsentrifugi i separatori. – М.: Himiya, 1987. –S. 9-10. -255 s.
10. Lukyanenko V.M., Taranets A.V. Promishlennie tsentrifugi. – М.: Himiya, 1974. –S. 208-210. -376 s.
11. Leyberman L.A., Holmyanskiy Yu.A. Vliyanie konstruktivnih parametrov na rabotu gidrotsiklonov // Sahar, promishlennost. -1981. -No 9. -S. 55-56.
12. Ternovskiy I.G. Klassifikatsiya gidrotsiklonnoh apparatov i metodi ih rascheta //Himicheskaya promishlennoct. 1989. -No8. –S.57-63.
13. Ternovskiy I.G., Kutepov A.M. Sovremennie konstruktsii gidrotsiklonov, metodi rascheta i perspektivi ih primeneniya // Him. i neft mashinostroenie. -1980. No12. –S.9-11.
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UDK 665.6/7:621.928.3
1B. R. Mahkamov, А.M. Xurmamatov, А.О. Onofreychuk
STUDY OF IMPACT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON EFFICIENCY OF REMOVAL OF MECHANICAL IMPURITIES FROM OIL
1OOO «Bukhara oil refinery» Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
e-mail: anastasion_01593@mail.ru
Abstract. Background. The prerequisite for this problem is the inadequacy of data and the study of the issue of cleaning oil sludge from mechanical impurities. Mechanical impurities in the composition of oil sludge mainly consist of sand, clay, tiny iron particles and mineral salts. Light, low-viscosity petroleum products almost do not contain mechanical impurities due to their rapid settling. Solid mechanical impurities (sand, etc.) falling into oil products can scratch and wipe the rubbing surfaces of machinery and equipment. As a result, the problem of initial cleaning of petroleum products from mechanical impurities is acute.
Purpose: Objective of study covered in this article is to evaluate impact of various factors on effectiveness of removal of mechanical impurities from oil slurries. To remove the impurities, oil slurry was mixed with various diluents, such as: light naptha, heavy naptha and reformate.
Methodology: The study applied methodology where the oil slurry was flushed with diluents in Soxhlet apparatus and then treated at cyclone separator.
Originality: It has been established that cleaning oil sludge from mechanical impurities is more effective when using a diluent (reformate), which was mixed with oil sludge in a percentage ratio of 30 to 70, before sending the mixture to the hydrocyclone, while the content of mechanical impurities was 0.06%.
Findings: The study applied methodology where the oil slurry was flushed with diluents in Soxhlet apparatus and then treated at cyclone separator. Experiments carried out to identify hydrocarbon material most suitable for dilution of oil slurries and measurement of mechanical impurities content before and after removal of impurities in cyclone separator led to determination of the optimal operation parameters: oil slurry flow velocity in the cyclone separator: 20 m/sec; dilution ratio: 30% reformate / 70% oil slurry; mixing time: 30 minutes.Resulting content of mechanical impurities in the oil slurry after purification in cyclone separator was 0,06%.
Keywords: oil slurry; reformat; heavy naptha, light naptha, mechanical impurities, Soxhlet’s apparatus.
Highlights:
* A new effective hydrocyclone installation was used.
* The optimum regime parameters of the hydrocyclone are determined.
* The solvent most suitable for its physicochemical properties was identified.
To cite this article: B. R. Mahkamov, А.M. Xurmamatov, А.О. Onofreychuk. Study of impact of various factors on efficiency of removal of mechanical impurities from oil // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr5. – Pp.69-74.
Received: 03.11.2017; Accepted: 09.11.2017; Published: 09.11.2017
References
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