Volume Nr 3
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
УДК 767.61
F. I. Еrкabaev
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL RECOVERY OF CHROMIUM IONS(VI)
Institute of general & inorganic chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of sciences; 77a Mirzo Ulugbek avenue,
100170 Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN, Е-mail: erkabaevf@rambler.ru
Abstract. Background. There are various ways to reduce relatively toxic six valent chromium ions. The electrochemical method is a compact and efficient of sewage treatment and waste solutions. It’s divided by cathodic reduction, electrodialysis and electrocoagulation. It should be noted that during the electrochemical reduction of chromium (VI) output current of chromium is very low (about 14-16%), however, this method can clean the waste water from impurities to the MPC. The main part of energy is spent on unwanted processes in the process of recovery of metals, polarization of ions, the deposition of some impurities in the solution and the resistance of the electrolyte. We’ve conducted studies to improve the degree of recovery of six valent chromium ions in the presence of polyols like xylitol, sorbitol and glycerin in this paper,. Of them regarding the positive results were shown by glycerin.
The purpose of this study is the improvement of current efficiency in the electrolysis of chromium waste solutions in the presence of glycerol and determination of optimal conditions of the process.
Methodology. The object of the study is a model waste solution of electroplating chrome plating works and polyhydric alcohol – glycerin. To determine the content of chromium ions in solutions a photocolorimetric method of analysis is applied.
Originality. It is established that during electrolysis of the purified waste solutions as additives in the investigated electrolyte 1-2% glycerin was used in certain conditions increasing the current efficiency of chromium from 16 upto 23.1%.
Findings. These researchs gave an opportunity to improve the current efficiency of chromium from 16 upto 23.1% and to determine the optimal conditions of the process. It’s determined that at a current density of 10-12 A/dm2, the process proceeds optimally, and sulfuric acid at a concentration of 3-4 g/l contributes to the maximum reduction of hexavalent chromium. It is established that for 40-60 minutes the reduction of the principal amount of chromium ions takes place.
Key words: electrowinning, spent solution, glycerol, xylitol, sorbitol, current density, current efficiency.
Highlights:
* Оptimum conditions of electrolysis and the ratio of the components were found out.
* Glycerin in certain conditions increases the current efficiency of chromium at electrolysis.
To cite this article: F. I. Еrкabaev. Determination of optimal conditions for the electrochemical recovery of chromium ions(VI) // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp. 3-8.
Received: 20.02.2017; Accepted: 27.02.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
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7. Ishanhodjaev S., Erkabaev F.I., Hasanov B., Ishanhodjaev S.S. Razrabotka tehnologii polucheniya oksida hroma iz otrabotannih hromsoderjashih rastvorov galvanicheskih sehov // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy jurnal. -2001. -N3 -S.33-35.
8. Lure Yu.Yu. Himicheskiy analiz proizvodstvennih stochnih vod. -M.: Goshimizdat, 1958. -234 s.
9. N.M.Sobinyakova, S.I.Balahina, T.M.Anuchina, A.B.Pashkov. Razvitie gidrometallurgicheskih processov i rasshirenie oblastey primeneniya ekstrakcii, sorbcii i ionogo obmena v cvetnoy metallurgii, t. 3. Izd. "Cvetmetinformaciya", M., 1968. -312 s.
10. Smirnov D.N., Genkin V.E. Ochistka stochnih vod v processah obrabotki metallov. - M.: Metallurgiya, 1980. -195 s.
11. Cao Chjun Hua. Ochistka stochnyih vod kojevennih zavodov ot soedineniy hroma. //Ekologiya i promyishlennost` Rossii, mart 1999. 14-15 s.
12. Pat. 2091318 RF, C02F1/28 Sposob adsorbcii hroma(VI) na aktivirovannom ugle/ L.A.Voropanova, E.Yu.Gegoeva (RF) – 94029353/25. Zayavleno 15.08.1994, Opublikovano 27.09.1997.
13. Pat. 2547756C1 (RF), RU2013150591A, Sposob ochistki stochnix vod ot ionov hroma(VI)/ O.V.Klimova, V.I.Dudarev, E.G.Filatova (RF) RU№2013150591A. Zayavleno 13.11.2013. Opublikovano 10.04.2015.
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УДК 678.68
F. B. Igitov, S. M. Turobjonov, R. A. Nazirova, T. T. Tursunov, N. S. Rakhmatova
RADIATING STABILITY OF POLYCONDENSATION TYPE OF SULPHOCATIONITE
Tashkent chemical technological institute, Tashkent city
Abstract. Background. In recent years the importance was gained by ion-exchange processing technology of resources containing radioactive elements. For isolation of resources and sharing of many artificial radioactive isotopes ion exchange resins of different structure are also used. It should be noted that the ion exchangers based on styrene and divinylbenzene copolymers do not satisfy the requirements in these processes, since they are not radiation resistant. Specificity of work in fields of ionizing radiation of high intensity raises many theoretical and practical problems associated with the radiation effect of radiation on ion exchangers, ion exchange processes, as well as search for new radiation-resistant ion exchangers.
Purpose. We know that the higher is content of conjugated double bonds in ion exchangers structure the better is their radiation resistance. So the aim of current research is obtaining of radiation resistant cation exchangers based on anthracene-furfural sulfonated polymer containing benzene rings fused heterocyclic furfural.
Methodology. The ion exchange capacity of sodium ions was determined by alkalimetric titration by 0.1 N NaOH solutionю Sorption capacity of copper ions was determined by iodometric trilonometric method while calcium, magnesium, nickel and cobalt - by fotocalorimetric method.
Originality. By sulfonation of anthracite-furfural resin new and previously undescribed in literature sulphocationite was obtained. The presence in its structure of sulfonic aromatic anthracene fused rings and furfural heterocycles contributes to its stability to radiation.
Findings. By sulphonation of anthracite-furfural polymer new sulphocationite was synthesized. Its sorption ability to calcium, magnesium, copper, nickel, cobalt ions was studied leading to its establishing as an sulphocationite indicator good enough for the studied metal ions. It was found out that under the action of gamma-rays of Co60 dose of 500 Ren the resulting cation exchanger does not alter its essential characteristics. Comparison of the properties of sulfonic exchanger before and after irradiation with the properties of known sulfonated resins has shown its radiating stability not less than of known cation exchangers.
Keywords: sulphocationite, anthracene, furfural, exchange capacity, polycondesation, sorption, radiation, radiation resistance, heterocyclic.
Highlights:
* Anthracene and furfural were used as starting monomers in polycondensation.
* Sulphocationite obtained contains condensed aromatic kernel and furfural heterocycles.
To cite this article: F. B. Igitov, S. M. Turobjonov, R. A. Nazirova, T. T. Tursunov, N. S. Rakhmatova. Radiating stability of polycondensation type of sulphocationite // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp. 8-13.
Received: 22.03.2017; Accepted: 13.04.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
1. Ye.D.Kiseleva, K.B.Chmutov, A.B.Pashkov. Sb.”Issledovaniye svoystv ionoobmennih materialov”. M.: Nauka,1964.- S.163-165.
2. Nikashina YE. A, Slovohotova. N.A,Sinyavin. M.M “O radiasionnoy ustoychivosti nekotorih ionoobmennih smol”, Trudi II Vserossiyskogo soveshaniya po radiasionnoy himii.M., 1962. - S.596-603.
3. T.Ye.Tulupov, N.M.Bikov, A.I.Kasperovich I dr. Sb.”Sintez svoystva ionoobmennih materialov”. M.: Nauka, M., 1968.-S.125-130.
4. Leykin.Yu.A, “himostoykost `, radiasionnaya stoykost` I termostoykost`. Sbornik “Himiya I himicheskaya tehnologiya visokomolekulyarnih soyedineniy”, Moskva, 1971, S. 97-100.
5. T.Ye.Tulupov, A.I.Kasperovich “Vliyaniye stroyeniya makromolekul sulfokationitov na ix radiasionnuyu ustoychivost` ”Jurnal fizich. Himii, 1968.-T.37.-N9.-S.1978-1982.
6. Chmutov.K.V, Kiseleva.Ye.D, Krupnova.V.N,Filatova. N.V,”Vliyaniye obmennogo iona I sshivkina radiasionnuyuustoychivost` ionoobmennih smol`”, Tezisi dokladov II Vserossiyskogo soveshaniya po radiasionnoy himii.Moskva, 1962. – S.603-607.
7. Patent RUz № IAP 05242 Sposob polucheniya sulfokationita/Igitov F.B., Xudoyberdiyev B.B., Zaynitdinova B.Z., Pulatov X.L.,Tursunov T.T.,Nazirova R.A.
8. K.M.Salladze, A.B.Pashkov, V.S.Titov “Ionoobmenniye visokomolekulyarnih soyedineniya”, Moskva, 1960. -S.71-75
9. Ye.D.Kiseleva, K.M.Chmutov,M.M.Klimentovskaya”Issledovaniya radiatsionnoyustoychivosti polikondensatsionnih kationitov KU-5,KU-6, IEO-7” //Jurnal.fiz.himii. -T.39. –V.3, 1965. - S.771-773.
10. R.A.Nazirova, A.T.Djalilov, M.A.Askarov,G.S.Tsveshko “Radiatsionnaya ustoychivost polikondensatsionnix smol na osnove furfurola” //Jurnal prikl.himii.-N9. 1973. –S.2115-2118.
11. RaximovaL.S “Issledovaniya radiatsionnoyustoychivosti kationita SKDF polikondensatsionnogo tipa” Uzb.him.Jurnal, Tashkent,2014. - N6. – S.22-25
12. N.V.Kulagina,K.L.Kiseleva, K.V.Chmutov, T.B.Maslova “Deystvie γ-izluchenie Co60iznitrilotriuksusnuyu kislotu”// Jurnal fizich.himii. -N5. –T.42, 1973. –S.1299-1301.
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UDC 666.942
G.J.Orazimbetova, М.I.Iskandarova, D.К.Аdilov
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF HIGH SILICON CONTAINING TWO COMPONENT RAW MIXING MAINTAINING MARL AND BARCHAN SANDS FROM KARAKALPAKSTAN
Institute of general & inorganic chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of sciences; 77a Mirzo Ulugbek avenue,
100170 Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. Background. In the Karakalpakstan Republic there are heavy stocks of unprocessed material and building raw that determine need for provision of individuating forereference and address supporting of building material. food and light industry specialization, agriculture processing. which can be become locomotive of economic growth subsequent upgrading and diversification.
Purpose. Establishment of optimal chemical-technological parameters for clinker synthesis from two component raw mixing that consisted of marl and barchan sands from Karakalpakstan and obtaining high-quality portland cement meeting State standard 10198-85 “Portland cement and portland-slag cement. Standard specification”.
Methodology. There have been used the following methods: chemical. Estimation of raw mixing for clinker burning had been conducted on special program in according to “ On department norms of cement mill technological design” based on KN from 0.82 to 0.92. CaO free was defined by ethyl- glycerol method. Phase composition and microstructure of clinker was identified electron- microscopic techniques.
Originality. In this study for the first time there had been found the possibility of conditioned portland cement clinker production based on two component raw mixes consisting of marl and barchans sands from Karakalpakstan. It had been shown that opportunity for acceleration of clinker formation by introduction of Na2SiF6 in the raw mix, which provided full the process at law temperature and cement generation according normative documents for grade cement 300-500.
Findings. In accord with results of experimental data developed the technology of high silicon clinkers based on two component raw mixes containing marl and barchans sands.
Keywords: marl, barchans sands, clinker, mineral formation, structure, cement, sulfur stability, strength.
Highlights.
* Synthesis of clinkers from two components raw mixes.
* Optimization of calculation and factual chemical composition of clinkers.
* Selection of optimal material composition of novel raw mixes.
* Physicochemical investigation of clinkers based on marl and barchans sands.
To cite this article: G.J.Orazimbetova, М.I.Iskandarova, D.К.Аdilov. Synthesis and study of high silicon containing two component raw mixing maintaining marl and barchan sands from karakalpakstan // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp. 14-20.
Received: 23.02.2017; Accepted: 22.03.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
1. Mikrokremnezem i ego primenenie. http://kazsilicon.kz/ru/node/89
2. Ekonomika Uzbekistana. Informacionno-analiticheskiy byulleten` za 2014 god. - Tashkent.2015. - S. 11.
3. Social`noe razvitie i uroven` zhizni v Uzbekistane. Statisticheskiy sbornik. Gosudarstvennyiy Komitet Respubliki Uzbekistan po statistike. Tashkent. 2014. - S.20.
4. Ekonomika Uzbekistana. Informacionno-analiticheskiy byulleten` za 2014 god. - Tashkent.2015. - S. 11.
5. Promyishlennost` Uzbekistana. Statisticheskiy sbornik Goskomstat RUz. Tashkent. 2014. -S.20.
6. Strategiya social`no-yekonomicheskogo razvitiya Respubliki Karakalpakstan. -Tashkent:IPMI. 2013. - S. 48-49.
7. Strategiya social`no-yekonomicheskogo razvitiya Respubliki Karakalpakstan. - Tashkent:IPMI. 2013. S. 53.
8. Al`manah Uzbekistan 2013 g. - Tashkent. 2014. - S. 86.
9. Usmanov Z.K. Prioritetnyie napravleniya razvitiya promyishlennosti v respublike Karakalpakstan / Z.K. Usmanov. M.A. Niyazov // YEkonomika i biznes: teoriya i praktika. - 2015. - No8. - S. 127-131.
10. Butt YU.M.. Timashev V.V. Praktikum po himicheskoy tehnologii vyazhus`hih materialov. -M.: Vyisshaya shkola. -1973. -504 s.
11. Gorshkov V.S.. Timashev V.V.. Savel`ev V.G. Metodyi fiziko-himicheskogo analiza vyazhus`hih ves`hestv. -M.: Vyisshaya shkola. -1981. -333 s.
12. Kaybicheva M. N.. Bashkatov N. N.. Serkova T. V. Vliyanie tonkosti pomola hvostov magnitnogo obogas`heniya titano-magnetitovyih rud na mikrostrukturu portlandcementnogo klinkera // Tez. dokl. NPK "Steklo i keramika: pr-vo i primenenie". Moskva. 24-25 yanv.. 1997. -S.47-48.
13. Klassen V. K.. Tekucheva E. V.. Drozdov A. A. YEffektivnost` ispol`zovaniya yelektrostaleplavil`nyih shlakov v kachestve syir`evogo komponenta dlya proizvodstva cementa // Tehn. i tehnol. silikatov № 4. 2006. -str.7-15. 33.
14. Vliyanie dobavki. vklyuchayus`hey fosfor. ftor i shlak proizvodstva stali. na obzhig klinkera// Guisuanyuan xuebao № 3. 2007. t.35. -str.275-280.
15. F.B. Atabayev. Development of the production technology of portlandcement clinker with use of waste of enrichment of tungsten ores //The Abstracts of the International Porous and Powder Materials Symposium and Exhibition PPM 2015. 15-18 September 2015. Cesme Izmir-TURKEY. - R.515-519.
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UDK 532.64 (088.8)
E.T. Safarov, V.P. Guro, M.A. Ibragimova
REACTOR PSEUDOGENIZED LAYER FOR BURNING MOLYBDENITE CONCENTRATE. PART 2.
Institute of general & inorganic chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of sciences; 77a Mirzo Ulugbek avenue,
100170 Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. Background. The charge of granulation of molybdenum concentrate (MOC) of Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Company JSC contains up to 10% of kaolin, which reduces the Mo content in the cinder. An alternative composition of the charge based on SK-K and SK-D binders was developed, which provides a high Mo content in the cinder, porosity of the surface facilitating diffusion of oxygen and removal of sulfur dioxide from the reaction zone. However, in the drum-type furnace, the binders SK-K and SK-D promote sticking of the granules and cinders on the under-furnace. It was possible to avoid these negative phenomena in the fluidized bed (FB) furnace. It is necessary to study the structure of the material of MOC granules with these binders in the operating temperature range: 20-300-600 оС.
Purpose. The purpose is to test the FB reactor for calcining the MOC granulated with organic binders SC-K, SK-D, to get diffractograms of those samples.
Methodology. Object - burden of granulation of Mo-concentrate, with binders of different nature; granules from it after drying and heat treatment at: 20-300-600 оС. The heat treatment of the granules was carried out in a drying oven, a muffle furnace at atmospheric pressure, in air simulating a drum furnace, or in a 150-cm3 FB reactor, with supercharged air or oxygen. In addition to the performed measurements of the strength of the granules (under load, before failure), elemental, thermal, IR spectral analysis, this phase of investigation was provided for their X-ray phase control - on a DRON-UM, CoKD diffractometer, with a Cu cathode and a Ni-filter .
Originality. The organic binders from the polymers SK-K and SK-D have been developed as components of the charge of granulation of MOC, ashless. A laboratory furnace for calcination of MOC granules with various binders was developed and tested. The diffractograms of samples of granules from charge mixtures, heat-treated at 20-300-600 оС, were removed and interpreted.
Findings. Binding batch of MOC pelletizing with polymers SK-K and SK-D were used in the preparation of samples of granules and cinder in the FB furnace. The diffractograms of the samples obtained without and with SK-K and SK-D binders are compared, after drying-firing at a temperature of 20-300-600 оС. Upon reaching and holding at 300 ° C, all samples do not undergo significant changes in the crystal structure. That means only the beginning of the oxidation of MoS2 to MoO3, without any noticeable result. However, upon attaining and holding at 600 ° C, all the samples are characterized by a change in their crystalline states. Which means the completion of the oxidation of MoS2 to MoO3.
Key words: cinder, molybdenum concentrate, binder, polymer.
Highlights
* Binder batch granulation of Mo-concentrate - polymer SK-K;
* Binder batch granulation of Mo-concentrate-polymer SK-D;
* Diffractograms of MOC granules samples with polymers from the FB furnace were obtained.
To cite this article: E.T. Safarov, V.P. Guro, M.A. Ibragimova. Reactor pseudogenized layer for burning molybdenite concentrate. Part 2. // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp. 20-25.
Received: 16.02.2017; Accepted: 29.03.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
1. Safarov E.T., Guro V.P., Ibragimova M.A. Reaktor psevdoozhizhennogo sloya dlya obzhiga molibdenitovogo koncentrata. CHast` 1 // Uzbekskiy himiche-skiy zhurnal. - 2017. -N1. - S.42-48.
2. Patent RU 2353678. Sposob okomkovaniya sul`fidnyih molibdenitovyih koncentratov. Palant A.A. (RU), Gorbachev M.I. (RU), Morozov I.V.(RU), Moskalenko S.A.(RU). MPK C22B1/244 (2006.01). Opubl.: 27.04.2009. Zayavka: 2007125956/02, ot 10.07.2007. Data nach. otsch. sroka deys. patenta: 10.07.2007
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UDK 54-145.82
F. M. Yusupov, J. Sh. Nurmukhammadov, G. A. Baimatova, B.B. Botirov, Sh. F.Yusupov.
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF NEW SOLUTIONS BY DISSOLVING SOLID SALT DEPOSITS FROM INTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
Institute of general & inorganic chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of sciences; 77a Mirzo Ulugbek avenue,
100170 Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. Background. Decrease in the inner surface temperature of gas-liquid flow pipes and equipment is the main cause of scaling. Scaling contain crystal - bound and adsorbed organic compounds that are water-repellent surface of the salt particles and sediment give shade from yellowish-brown to brownish-black.
The resulting new RTS-1 inhibited grade solution in the laboratory of chemical engineering Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan provided (recommended) to the test in the oil and gas industry for the removal of solid salt deposits on the inside surface of the heat exchanger.
Purpose. Cleaning the internal surfaces of heat exchangers from scale deposits, the use of inhibited solutions to remove.
Methodology. Methods of organic synthesis. Determination of the effectiveness of removing deposits from the surface of the heat exchanger developed solutions inhibited the RTS-1 for test tubes samples of heat exchange equipment. Corrosion measurements were conducted according to existing standards. Test methods were carried out on the territory of the Central Laboratory of "Mubarek Gas Processing Plant"
Originality. For the first time in the Republic synthesized and tested inhibited solutions to remove salt deposits from the inner surface of the heat exchangers. They are obtained data from local raw materials and more environmentally friendly.
Findings. The positive results of new solutions inhibited for removing salt deposits on the heat exchanger tube samples. I sent a test report in the Mubarek "GPP".
Keywords: crystallization, scaling, dissolution, peridotite layer scaling, deposit formation, corrosion, thermal conductivity of the wall.
Highlights
* Obtained inhibited solutions to remove the salt deposits on the inside surface of the heat exchanger.
* Obtained test report with sample tubes with scaling.
* It is recommended to carry out the SPR to one heat exchanger with Mubarek "GPP".
To cite this article: F. M. Yusupov, J. Sh. Nurmukhammadov, G. A. Baimatova, B.B. Botirov, Sh. F.Yusupov. Preparation and application of new solutions by dissolving solid salt deposits from internal surfaces of heat exchangers. // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp. 26-31.
Received: 07.02.2017; Accepted: 21.04.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
1. Direy P.A., Abalihina T.A., Sil`vanskaya T.A. Ingibirovanie anomal`nyih processov v sistemah vodosnabzheniya. // Obzornaya informaciya. Seriya: Ohrana okruzhayus`hey sredyi i racional`noe ispol`zovanie prirodnyih resursov. - M.: NIITYEHIM. 1988. vyip.1 (74). 42 s.
2. SHangaraeva L. A., Petuhov A. V. Issledovaniya adsorbcionno-desorbcionnyih svoystv sostava dlya predotvras`heniya soleotlozheniy v skvazhinnom oborudovanii. ZHurnal Sovremennyie problemyi nauki i obrazovaniya.Vyipusk N6 / 2012. S.152-160.
3. Ivanov A.M. Osnovnyie puti ingibirovaniya otlozheniy soley zhestkosti i ocenka ih yeffektivnosti v konkretnyih usloviyah. // Himiya i tehnologiya vodyi. 1987. T.9. N4. S.307-311.
4. SHangaraeva L.A., Maksyutin A.V., Sultanova D.A. Sposobyi predotvras`heniya soleotlozheniya pri razrabotke i yekspluatacii zalezhey nefti // Sovremennyie problemyi nauki i obrazovaniya. - 2015. - N 1. -S.1.
5. S.I.Belyih, YE.F. Zimbovskaya, B.I.Liogon`koy, A.A.Berlin. Sintez rastvorimyih poliaminoamidokislot na osnove diangidrida 1,4,5,8-naftalintetrakarbonovoy kislotyi v prisutstvii neorganicheskih soley // ZHurnal vyisokomolekulyarnyie soedineniya 1972 g., T.(A) XIV, N 5, s. 1215-1220.
6. Poverhnostnyie yavleniya i poverhnostno-aktivnyie ves`hestva. Spravochnik.//Pod red. A.A. Abramzona, E.D. S`Hukina. - L.: Himiya. 1984. S.338.
7. SHangaraeva L.A.Metodyi predotvras`heniya otlozheniya soley v neftyanyih skvazhinah. ZHurnal Innovacii v nauke. Vyipusk ¹ 27 / 2013
8. CHerepashkin S.E. Snizhenie soleotlozheniya na vnutrennie poverhnosti truboprovodov v magnitnom pole// Prochnost` i razrushenie materialov i konstrukciy. Materialyi 4-oy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferencii. - M.: Izd-vo akademii estestvoznaniya. 2005 g. - T II.
9. CHausov F.F. ingibirovanie rosta kristallov soley s`helochnozemel`nyih metallov v vodnyih rastvorah. Teoriya i tehnicheskie prilozheniya. Avtoref. Diss. Kand.him.nauk. Nizhniy Novgorod: NNTU, 2005. 28 s.
10. CHausov F.F. Novyiy yeffektivnyiy sposob zas`hityi teplo-peredayus`hego oborudovaniya ot soleotlozheniy// Tyazheloe mashinostroenie. 2007. N9. 5-8 s.
11. ZHuravlev V.A., CHausov F.F., Savinskiy S.S. Konkurentnyiy rost kristallicheskoy i amorfnoy faz v vodnyih rastvorah karbonata i nitrometilfosfonata kal`ciya // Poverhnost`. Rentgenovskie, sinhrotronnyie i neytronnyie issledovaniya. 2006. N5. 92-99 s.
12. F.M. YUsupov, G.M. Bekturdiev, YE.N.Kurbanov i t.d. Razrabotka novyih ingibirovannyih rastvorov dlya udaleniya tverdyih otlozheniy s poverhnosti neftepromyislovogo oborudovaniya // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy zhurnal, 2016. –N5 -S.78-84.
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UDC 661.632.14
О.А. Badalova, S.S. Оrtikova, Sh.S. Namazov, А.R. Seytnazarov, B.М. Beglov
NPSCA-CONTAINING FERTILIZERS AND THEIR WATER INSOLUBLE PART OBTAINED BASED ON INTERACTION OF OFF BALANCED PHOSPHORITE ORE FROM CENTRAL KYZYLKUM BY PARTIALLY AMMONIZED MIXES OF PHOSPHORIC AND SULFURIC ACIDS
Institute of general & inorganic chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of sciences; 77a Mirzo Ulugbek avenue,
100170 Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. Background. Annually Kyzylkum phosphorite complex produces 716 thousand tones of washed and calcinated phosphorite concentrate ((26% Р2О5). However. bundle of phosphorite waste (134.77 thousand tones of P2O5) is generated. These are mineralized mass (12-14% P2O5). mud phosphorite (10-12% P2O5) and dust like fraction (18-20% P2O5). They can be served as an alternative raw for phosphorite concentrate in fertilizer manufacture.
Purpose. Exploration of NPSCa-containing fertilizer and their water insoluble parts prepared by activation of mineralized mass (MM) in ammonized mix of phosphoric and sulfuric acids has been studied.
Methodology. The activation of MM by ammonized mix of phosphoric and sulfuric acids was conducted at 60оС for 30 minutes in a range of the acid mix рН from 2.0 to 3.5. ratio of SO3 : P2O5 from 1.2 to 2.6 and ratio of ammonium sulphate-phosphate slurry (ASPS) to (MM) from 100 : 10 to 100 : 60. As water insoluble part of fertilizers was obtained by leaching water soluble salts off the fertilizers by water. Various form of Р2О5 was determined by photocalorimetric. СаО by complexonmetric techniques.
Originality. There have been found the optimal conditions of MM activation by mix of phosphoric and sulfuric acids. It was shown that as fertilizer and its water insoluble part content significant amount of acceptable Р2О5 and СаО form for plant.
Findings. It has been shown that activation of MM, that is unacceptable Р2О5 in the MM transferred into acceptable form during the processing fertilizers by ammonized mix of phosphoric and sulfuric acids. The more amount of MM in towards to ASPS the lower activation degree of the phosphate raw. The optimal ratios of ASPS: MM are from 100:10 to 100:40 at mix of the acid to SO3: Р2О5 = 1.2 for activation of the phosphate raw. In case SO3 : Р2О5 = 1.65 is from 100 : 10 to 100 : 30. In the indicated ratio. Р2О5wat. : Р2О5acc.is in a range 0.4-0.7 that plant can assimilate regularly nutrients during the vegetation period. The main result is acceptable form of phosphorus and calcium for plant in the water insoluble part of the fertilizer. This confirms that fact phosphate raw material activation occurred under the interaction it by ammonized mix of phosphoric and sulfuric acids.
Keywords: mineralized mass, ammonized mix of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, activation, NPSCa-containing fertilizer, water insoluble part.
Highlights.
* It has been shown that possibility of novel kind of NPSCa-containing fertilizers by activation of mineralized mass in ammonized mix of phosphoric and sulfuric acids.
* The water insoluble part of the fertilizer can be assimilated by plant regularly during the vegetation.
To cite this article: О.А. Badalova, S.S. Оrtikova, Sh.S. Namazov, А.R. Seytnazarov, B.М. Beglov. NPSCA-containing fertilizers and their water insoluble part obtained based on interaction of off balanced phosphorite ore from Central Kyzylkum by partially ammonized mixes of phosphoric and sulfuric acids // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp. 32-39.
Received: 24.02.2017; Accepted: 02.05.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
1. Dehkanov Z.K., Seytnazarov A.R., Namazov SH.S., Reymov A.M., Beglov B.M. Fosforityi Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov i ih obogas`henie. // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy zhurnal. - Tashkent. 2016. - N 3. - S. 58-69.
2. Sadyikov B.B., Volyinskova N.V., Namazov SH.S., Beglov B.M. Proizvodstvo ammoniy sul`fatfosfata iz fosforitov Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov // Himicheskaya promyishlennost`. - 2007. Sankt-Peterburg. t. 84. - N 3. – S. 122-126.
3. Sadyikov B.B.. Volyinskova N.V.. Sattarov T.. Namazov SH.S.. Beglov B.M. Plotnost` i vyazkost` smesey yekstrakcionnoy fosfornoy i sernoy kislot // Himicheskaya tehnologiya. Kontrol` i upravlenie. - Tashkent. 2007. - N 5. - S. 9-12.
4. Sadyikov B.B.. Volyinskova N.V.. Sattarov T.. Namazov SH.S.. Beglov B.M. Sostav. rezhim polucheniya i tovarnyie svoystva ammoniy sul`fatfosfata // Himicheskaya tehnologiya. Kontrol` i upravlenie. - Tashkent. 2008. - N1. - S. 5-10.
5. Pryanishnikov D.N. Agrohimiya. Izbrannyie sochineniya. Tom 1. - M.: Sel`hozgiz. 1952. - 692 s.
6. Badalova O.A.. Ortikova S.S.. Namazov SH.S.. Seytnazarov A.R.. Beglov B.M. NPSCa-udobreniya na osnove vzaimodeystviya zabalansovoy fosforitnoy rudyi Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov s chastichno ammonizirovannyimi smesyami fosfornoy i sernoy kislot. // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy zhurnal. - Tashkent. 2016. - N 6. - S. 22-32.
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UDK 631.85:661
B.E. Sultonov
THE STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF CHEMICAL BENEFICIATION OF LOW-GRADE PHOSPHORITES OF CENTRAL KYZYLKUM BY HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Institute of general & inorganic chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of sciences; 77a Mirzo Ulugbek avenue,
100170 Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. Background. Phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum (CK) are the raw materials for production phosphorus containing fertilizers in Uzbekistan and they are low-grade on content of basic component (Р2О5). Direct obtaining of concentrated phosphorus containing fertilizers from these phosphorites is represented uneconomical and unpractical. Dates for obtaining of washed and burned phosphorite concentrate by thermal benefication on base of phosphate rock of the CK have some drawbacks: use of more concentrating part of phosphorites, of phosphate wastes generation in form of mineralized mass and phosphate slurry and complexity of technological scheme. Moreover, the utilization of hydrochloric acid making from production of caustic soda, is actual problem.
Purpose. The purpose of study is obtaining chemical enriched phosphorite concentrates on base of hydrochloric acid beneficiation of different types of phosphate raw materials, suitable for production of concentrated phosphate ordinary and complex fertilizers
Methodology. Beneficiation process of phosphate raw materials carried out at the laboratory equipment consisting of tubular glass reactor, equipped with screw-type stirrer powered by electric motor.
Originality. Process of hydrochloric acid beneficiation of different types of phosphate raw materials, depending on various parameters are studied. Optimum conditions of obtaining phosphoconcentrates suitable for production of concentrated phosphate fertilizers are established.
Findings. Optimum conditions for obtaining phosphoconcentrates are: temperature of control processing – 35-40oC, the norm of hydrochloric acid of 40-50% and 50-60%, respectively, for phosphorite flour and mineralized mass. The temperature of washing water of – 80-85oC.
Key words: рhosphorite flour, mineralized mass, beneficiation, hydrochloric acid, neutralizing reagents.
Highlights.
* Obtained phosphorite concentrates.
* They are suitable for production of phosphoric fertilizers.
To cite this article: B.E. Sultonov. The study of the process of chemical beneficiation of low-grade phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum by hydrochloric acid // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp. 39-47.
Received: 22.03.2017; Accepted: 21.04.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
1. Ismagilov M.M. Kyizyilkumskiy fosforitovyiy kompleks Navoiyskogo gorno-metallurgicheskogo kombinata // Materialyi resp.nauchn.tehn.konf. "Aktual`nyie problemyi himicheskoy pererabotki fosforitov Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov", g. Tashkent, 23 noyabrya 2006. - Tashkent, 2006. - S. 19-22.
2. Cezar` Norbert V. Promyishlennoe udalenie hloridov iz fosfatnoy rudyi pri mokrom obogas`henii v yekstremal`nyih usloviyah pustyini Kyizyilkum // Gornyiy vestnik Uzbekistana. -2008. - N4. -S. 54-58.
3. Sultonov B.E., Dehkanov Z.K., Namazov Sh.S., Beglov B.M., Zakirov B.S. Vliyanie pH na process azotnokislotnogo obogas`heniya vyisokokarbonizirovannyih fosforitov Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov.// Himicheskaya tehnologiya. Kontrol` i upravlenie. - 2012. - N4. - S. - 5 - 10.
4. Sultonov B.E., Dehkanov Z.K., Namazov Sh.S., Zakirov B.S. Vliyanie kolichestva promyivnoy vodyi na kachestvo himicheskih fosfokoncentratov, poluchennyih azotnokislotnyim obogas`heniem fosforitov Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov.//Himicheskaya tehnologiya. Kontrol` i upravlenie. - 2012. - N6. - S. - 15 - 19.
5. Sultonov B.E., Namazov Sh.S., Zakirov B.S. Izuchenie processa himicheskogo obogas`heniya mineralizovannoy massyi fosforitov Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov.//Uzbekskiy himicheskiy zhurnal. -2012. - N4. - S. - 45 - 48.
6. Sultonov B.E., Namazov Sh.S., Zakirov B.S. Issledovanie himicheskogo obogas`heniya fosforitovoy muki Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov.// Himicheskaya promyishlennost`. - 2013. - N2. - S. - 79 - 86.
7. Sultonov B.E., Namazov Sh.S., Zakirov B.S. Povyishenie yeffektivnosti azotnokislotnogo obogas`heniya fosforitov Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov.// Himicheskaya promyishlennost`. - 2013. - N6. - S. - 279 - 285.
8. Lavrova T.V., Treushenko N.N., Belchenko G.V. Himicheskoe obogas`henie Kovdorskogo apatitovogo koncentrata solyanoy kislotoy // "Kislotnyie metodyi pererabotki fosfatnogo syir`ya v fosfornuyu kislotu i mineral`nyie udobreniya", Mezh.vuz.sb.nauch.tr. LTI im. Lensoveta. - 1982. - S. 17 - 23.
9. Lavrova T.V., Belchenko G.V. Vliyanie hlorida magniya na svoystva sistem, obrazuyus`hihsya pri solyanokislotnom obogas`henii Kovdorskogo apatita // "Teor. i prikl. issled. v obl. tehnol.mineral.udobr.", L. - 1984. - S. 12 - 17.
10. Dzhurumbaev A.I., Arstanova R.Zh., Darer R.S., Nagimetova Z.A., Zadubrovskaya I.N., Medeubaeva S.B. i Dmitreva I.V. O himicheskom obogas`henii nekondicionnyih fosforitov Karatau // Izvestiya AN KazSSR, Seriya himicheskaya. - 1986. - N2. - S. 3 - 6.
11. Dzhurumbaev A.I., Arstanova R.Zh., Darer R.S., Medeubaeva S.B., Dmitreva I.V., Nagimetova Z.A., Zadubrovskaya I.N., El`nova T.V. i D`yachenko S.O. O pererabotke nekondicionnyih fosforitov Karatau // Izvestiya AN KazSSR, Seriya himicheskaya. - 1986. - N3. - S. 14 - 19.
12. Amirova A.M., Yusupova F.M., Dzhapparov A., Narmetova N. Solyanokislotnoe obogas`henie fosforitov Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy zhurnal. - 1982. - N3. - S. 12 - 16.
13. Sultonov B.E., Namazov Sh.S., Zakirov B.S. Himicheskoe obogas`henie fosforitov Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov solyanoy kislotoy // Himicheskaya promyishlennost`, Sankt-Peterburg. - 2014. - N4. - S. 186 - 191.
14. Sultonov B.E., Namazov Sh.S., Ortikova S.S., Zakirov B.S., Reymov A.M. Vliyanie tehnologicheskih parametrov na kachestvo fosfokoncentratov, poluchaemyih pri solyanokislotnom obogos`henii fosforitov Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov // Kazahstanskiy himicheskiy zhurnal. - Alma-Atyi, 2015. - N3. - S. 149-155.
15. Sultonov B.E., Namazov Sh.S., Ortikova S.S., Reymov A.M., Zakirov B.S. Solyanokislotnoe obogas`henie fosforitovoy muki iz fosforitov Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy zhurnal. - Tashkent, 2015. - N4. - S. 55-60.
16. Vinnik M.M., Erbanova L.N., Zaycev P.M. i dr. Metodyi analiza fosfatnogo syir`ya, fosfornyih i kompleksnyih udobreniy, kormovyih fosfatov. - M.: Himiya, 1975. - 218 s.
17. Uzagrota`minot DAB. Metodicheskie instrukcii po opredeleniyu massovoy doli hloridov v fosfatnom syir`e fotometricheskim metodom / OAO "AMMOFOS". T.-2002.
18. Rabinovich V.A., Havin Z.Ya. Kratkiy himicheskiy spravochnik. Izdatel`stvo "Himiya". Leningrad, 3-e izd. pererab. i dop.1991 g.- 432 s.
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UDK 577.4575.1631.6.02
Sh.A.Kuldasheva
FEATURES OF CHEMICAL FIXING OF THE SALTED SOILS WITH MELIORANT-FIXERS
Institute of general & inorganic chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of sciences; 77a Mirzo Ulugbek avenue,
100170 Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. Background. Chemical fixing of the relative salted soils and soils is a part of a problem of the environmental protection and an applied colloid chemistry studying along with others and questions of regulation of structure of the soil, fixing of soils, receiving materials with the given colloid and structural characteristics and strength properties.
Purpose. Development of scientific bases of creation of complex fixers for chemical sealing of the salted relative frame sands with use of local raw materials and the industrial wastes for prevention sole and a dust removal in a surrounding medium and improvements of ecological conditions of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan.
Methodology. The chemical analysis of reagent and also identification of exemplars are studied carried out on the basis of diffractograms who was removed on the device XRD-6100 (Shimadzu, Japan) operated by the computer.
Originality. A possibility of development on the basis of the industrial wastes and others the compositions serving by complex additives at chemical sealing of the salted soils by creation enough the strong secondary structures allowing to prevent deflationary processes and that to solve some environmental problems of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Findings. In this work the method of chemical sealing of the salted relative frame sands the complex additive consisting of mix of water-soluble polymer with a production wastage providing prevention of an erosion of sand, improvement of ecological conditions in the sowing regions of Surkhandarya is developed and offered. It allows to solve not only a problem of environmental protection due to improvement of an ecological situation, but also is very urgent.
Key words: disperse systems, suspension, soil, salted sand, fixing, additions, erosion, deflation.
Highlights.
* The choice of additives-fixers on the basis of the industrial wastes for fixing of the salted soils.
* Features of studying of process of structurization of the relative frame soils reagents-fixers.
* Effectiveness of chemical sealing of the salted relative frame soils complex additives.
To cite this article: Sh.A.Kuldasheva. Features of chemical fixing of the salted soils with meliorant-fixers // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp. 47-54.
Received: 13.03.2017; Accepted: 12.05.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
1. Ahmedov K.S., Aripov E.A., Virskaya G.M. i dr. – Vodorastvorimie polimeri i ih vzaimodeystvie s dispersnimi sistemami. - Tashkent: Fan, 1969. – 198 s.
2. Hamraev S.S. Izuchenie mehanizma strukturoobrazovaniya v dispersiyah serozema i montmorillonita, obrabotannih polimernimi preparatami serii K: Avtoref...kand.him.nauk. -Tashkent. 1964.-18s.
3. Kulman, A. Iskusstvennie strukturoobrazovateli pochvi. - M. : Kolos. 1982. 158 s.
4. Rulev, A.S. Primenenie polimernyh materialov pri virashivanii polezashitnyh lesnyh polos v suhostepnoy zone Nijnego Povoljya: avtoref… kand. s.-h. nauk – Volgograd. 1990. - 22 s.
5. Awad, Y. M. Effect of polyacrilamide, biopolymer and biochar on decomposition of soil organic matter and plant residues as determined by 14 C and enzyme activities // European Journal of Soil Biology. 2012. - N 48. - P.1-10.
6. P.Baldrian, J.Voriskova, P.Dobiasova, V.Merhautova, V Valaskova Production of extracellular enzymes and degradation of biopolymers by saprotrophic microfungi from the upper layers of forest soil //Plant & Soil. -2011. -N 338. -P.111-125.
7. L. Chen, W. Guangxia, M. Huanzhen, Y. Zonghuan, T Lianyi, L. Xiangwei Synthesis and application of lignin-based copolymer LSAA on controlling non-point source pollution resulted from surface runoff //Journal of Environmental Sciences. - 2009. - N 20. – R. 820-826.
8. Levy, G. J. Polyacrylamide adsorption and aggregate stability //Soil and Tillage Research. - 1999. - N 51. - P. 121-128.
9. D. Pimentel, C. Harvey, P. Resosudarmo, K. Sinclair, D. Kurz, M. MeNair Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conversation benefits // Science. – 1995. - N 267. - P. 1117-1123.
10. R. E. Sojka, D. L. Bjorneberg, J. A. Entry, R. D. Lentz, W. J. Orts Polyacrylamide in agriculture and environmental land management //Advance in Agronomy. -2007. -N 92. -P. 75-162.
11. Sh. Kuldasheva., B Jumabaev, A. Agzamkhodjayev, L. Aymirzaeva, Kh. Shomurodov Stabilization of moved sands of the exposed aral seabed //Jurnal «Of chemical technology and metallurgy». - Bulgaria. 2015. -V.50. - N 3. - P. 314-320.
12. Kuldasheva Sh.A. Zhumabaev B.A., Agzamkhodzhaev A.A., Musaev M.N. Chemical solidification of driving sands of th exposed aral seabed //«European Applied Sciences». -German. 2014. -N 1. P. 145-147.
13. Kuldasheva SH.A., Agzamxodjaev A.A. Stabilizatsiya podvijnyh peskov osushennogo dna Aralskogo morya. //Uzbekskiy himicheskiy jurnal. -Tashkent. 2014. - N 4. S.58-61.
14. Kuldasheva SH.A, Agzamhodjaev A.A. Zakreplenie zasolennyh pochvogruntov promyshlennymi othodami //Mat. Mejdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferensii «Himiya i ekologiya-2015». -Rossiya. 2015. - S.336-339.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UDK 547.562:547.545
J. Sh. Nurmukhammadov, Kh.S. Tadjimukhamedov, S.N. Rasulova, G. A. Baimatova, F. M. Yusupov
REACTION NITROSATION OF 1,3-DIHYDROXYBENZENE AND 1-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYBENZENE
Institute of general & inorganic chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of sciences; 77a Mirzo Ulugbek avenue,
100170 Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. Background. Currently, in our developing country raised the question of the production of import-substituting and export-oriented chemical products. As you know, for many years in the field of analytical chemistry in determining the quality of d-metals used reagent Elias. These reagents d-metal ions form sparingly intermolecular chelate complexes, require expensive solvents and are imported for foreign currency. To study the reaction of nitrosation-1,3-dihydroxybenzene and 1-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene. According to study conducted by nitrosation optimal conditions, the effect of factors on the yield of the reaction.
Purpose. To study the reaction of nitrosation of 1,3-dihydroxybenzene and a 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzene with izobutilnitrite, identify the factors affecting the yield. Confirmation of the structure-nitrosation spectroscopic methods of investigation of the products and to explore the complex formed with some intermediate metals.
Methodology. Methods of organic synthesis, physical and chemical methods of determination of IR and PMR spectra, chromatography on thin layers.
Originality. Reactions were first studied by nitrosation of 1,3-dihydroxybenzene and 1-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene with organic nitrites, factors affecting the yield as well as the complexes formed with the d-metals.
Findings. nitrosation of reactions studied 1,3-dihydroxybenzene and 1-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene with izobutilnitritami. Composition and structure of the resulting o-nitrosoproducts confirmed IR and NMR, thin layer chromatography. Studied the impact of raw materials on the yield of the resulting product. Some analytical properties of the resulting intermediate complex with metals were determined.
Keywords. Phenol, naphthol, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene, isobutylnitrite.
Highlights.
* For the first time studied the nitrosation reaction of resorcinol and its esters.
* Identify the factors reaction that influence on the yield.
* Explore analitycal properties of the nitrosoproducts.
To cite this article: J. Sh. Nurmukhammadov, Kh.S. Tadjimukhamedov, S.N. Rasulova, G. A. Baimatova, F. M. Yusupov. Reaction nitrosation of 1,3-dihydroxybenzene and 1-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp.55-61.
Received: 07.02.2017; Accepted: 27.04.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
1. J.Sh. Nurmukhammadov, Z.A. Smanova, H.S Tadjimukhamedov, M.S.Inatova. Synthesis o-nitrosonaphthols and their application in analytical chemistry // The Advanced Science. USA. -2013. - issue 10. - R. 16-22
2. ZH.SH. Nurmuhammadov, H.S.Tadzhimuhamedov, Z.A. Smanova. Sintez i svoystva novogo analiticheskogo reagenta 2-gidroksi-3-nitrozonaftalin-1-karbal`degida // ZHurnal organicheskoy himii. - Sankt-Peterburg. -2014, - N6. - T.50. -S.918-920
3. G.A.Annakulov, ZH.SH.Nurmuhammadov, N.T.Turabov, H.S. Tadzhimuhamedov, A.K.Tashmuhamedova, 1-Gidroksi-2-nitrozo-4-naftalinsul`fokislota v fotometricheskom analize // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy zhurnal. - 2014. -N2. -S.20-26
4. N.T. Turabov, ZH.SH.Nurmuhammadov, H.S. Tadzhimuhamedov. 1-Gidroksi-2-nitrozo-4-naftalinsul`fokislota v fotometricheskom analize // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy zhurnal, 2014, N3,-S.58-63.
5. ZH.SH. Nurmuhammadov, H.S.Tozhimuhamedov, O.K.Toshmuhamedova. Mono- va disul`fo-guruhga almashgan α -naftol hosilalari asosida orto-nitrozonaftollarning olish metodikalari // Dokladyi ANRUz. -2014. -N4. -B. 56-59.
6. H.S.Tozhimuhamedov, ZH. SH. Nurmuhammadov, I.G.Saidov Amilnitrit yordamida 4-brom-2-nitrozo-1-naftol sintezi. Kimyo fanining dolzarb muammolari // Professor- o’qituvchilar i va yosh olimlarining ilmiy-amaliy anzhumani materiallari to’plami. - 2013. - B.87-89
7. ZH. SH. Nurmuhammadov, N.T.Turobov, ZH.N.Todzhiev, H.S.Tozhimuhamedov. 4-gidroksi-3-nitrozonaftalin-1-sul`fokislotaning analitik tavsiflari // Kimyo faning dolzarb muammolari. Akad. O.S.Sodiqov va prof.H.R.Rahimovlar tavalludining 100 yilligi va universitetning 95 yilligiga bag’ishlangan kimyo fakul`teti professor- o’qituvchilar i va yosh olimlarining ilmiy-amaliy anzhumani materiallari to’plami. -2013. - B. 111-114
8. G.A. Sigor. Fiziko-himicheskiy analiz v yekologii // -M.: Izd. Nauka, -2005. -S.14.
9. E.YU. Belyaev, B.V. Gidaspov. Aromaticheskie nitrozosoedineniya //-M.: Izd. "TEZA" -1996. -S.5-20.
10. V.M.Rodionov, B.M. Bogoslovskiy, A.M.Fedorova. Laboratornoe rukovodstvo po himii promezhutochnyih produktov i krasiteley// M-Goshimizdat. -1948. -S. 103.
11. Savvin S. B. Modificirovannyie i immobilizovannyie organicheskie reagentyi // ZHAH . -1996. -T.51. -N1. -S.49-56.
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UDK 665.5
R. R. Khayitov, B. E. Shermatov, U. U. Eshonkulov, G. R. Narmetova
CARBONIZATION OF APRICOTS’ PITS AND STEAM ACTIVATION OF THE CARBONISATE FOR ACTIVATED CARBON OBTAINING
Institute of general & inorganic chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of sciences; 77a Mirzo Ulugbek avenue,
100170 Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN Е-mail: leo-bexa@mail.ru
Abstract. Background. The production of activated carbons (AC) is steadily increasing, and the areas of their use are continuously expanding. In Uzbekistan, there are four main gas processing plants that use the natural gas’ amine purification devices to remove acidic components, and where activated charcoal Ag-3, HX-30, Shemveron, etc. are used to adsorptively purify the regenerated amine solutions. It should be noted that these adsorbents are of foreign origin and are purchased for currency.
Purpose. In this paper, the goal was to carbonize the pits of the apricot and steam activation of the coal, followed by the establishment of physico-chemical characteristics, as well as its testing in the purification of technical cyclohexane.
Methodology. To obtain the AC, the carbonization of the apricot kernels in a laboratory tubular reactor was carried out by electric heating without air access and the resulting carbonizate was activated with steam for 1-2 hours. The physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained activated carbon and its sorption properties were determined, according to State standards.
Originality. Activated charcoal from pits of apricots (AC-KU) is obtained, for which physicochemical and sorption properties have been determined, which, when compared with the characteristics of the known industrial activated carbon of AG-3, showed the best results.
Findings. Carbonization of the pits of the apricot is carried out in the temperature range 400-800°C in a reactor placed in an electric furnace with adjustable heating. The resulting carbonizate is activated by steam for 1-2 hours at temperature of 800-850°C. After the activation process, the physico-chemical and adsorption properties of the obtained activated carbon are determined. The following data were obtained: the bulk density (g/dm3) is 570-577, the specific surface area (m2/g) is 805-890, the ash content (%) is 9.5-10.6, the benzene adsorption activity (g/100 g) 1.45-1.87.
Key words: activated carbon, apricots, carbonizate, activator, steam generator, diethanolamine, regeneration.
Highlights:
* Activated charcoal from the pits of the apricot is obtained;
* The characteristics of the new adsorbent are determined.
To cite this article: R. R. Khayitov, B. E. Shermatov, U. U. Eshonkulov, G. R. Narmetova. Carbonization of apricots’ pits and steam activation of the carbonisate for activated carbon obtaining // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp.61-67.
Received: 23.03.2017; Accepted: 05.05.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
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4. Weltia N., Bondar-Kunzea E., Singerb G., Tritthartd M., Zechmeister-Boltensterne S., Heina T., Pinay G. Large-scale controls on potential respiration and denitrification in riverinefloodplains // ELSEVIER. - 2012, Marth. - P. 73-84.
5. Ansaa E.D.O., Lubberdingb H.J., Ampofoa J.A., Amegbea G.B., Gijzenb H.J. Attachment of faecal coliform and macro-invertebrate activity in the removal of faecal coliform in domestic wastewater treatment pond systems // ELSEVIER. - 2012, Marth. - P. 35-41.
6. Aktivnyie ugli. YElastichnyie sorbentyi. Katalizatoryi, osushiteli i himicheskie poglotiteli na ih osnove: Nomenklaturnyiy katalog / Pod obs`h. red. V.M. Muhina. - M.: Ruda i metallyi, 2003. - 280 s.
7. Anurova T.V. Razrabotka tehnologii aktivnyih ugley iz rastitel`nyih othodov i ih ispol`zovanie dlya zas`hityi vozdushnogo basseyna ot parov uglevodorodov: Diss…kand. teh. nauk. - M.: Rossiyskiy Himiko-Tehnologicheskiy Universitet im. D.I. Mendeleeva, 2003. -173 s.
8. Hayitov R.R., YEshonkulov U.U., Narmetova G.R. Aktivirovannyie ugli iz mestnogo syir`ya dlya regeneracii alkanolaminov v processe aminovoy ochistki prirodnogo gaza vzamen sorbenta AG-3 // Nauchno-tehnicheskiy zhurnal "Mir nefteproduktov". Vestnik neftyanyih kompaniy. - Moskva (RF).-2016. - N 11. - S. 43-46.
9. Khayitov R.R., Narmetova G.R. Production of activated coal from the pits of apricots and peach for the adsorption purification of the waste diethanolamine // Austrian Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences "East West" Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH. - Vienna.-2016. - N7-8. - R. 67-70.
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12. SHermatov B.YE. Razrabotka tehnologii polucheniya rekuperacionnyih i osvetlyayus`hih sorbentov iz hlopkovogo lignina: Diss…kand. teh. nauk. - T.: Uzbekskiy nauchno-issledovatel`skiy institut himicheskoy tehnologii i kataliza, 1994. - 117 s.
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UDK 547.962.9-036.745
S.Kh.Karimov, D.A.Fayzullayeva, N.R.Kadirova, A.S.Rafikov
KINETIC LAWS GRAFTING ACRYLIC MONOMERS WITH COLLAGEN
Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, е-mail: asrafikov@umail.uz
Abstract. Background. Collagen - is one of the grafting of natural proteins, constitute the bulk of animal connective tissue. Isolation of collagen and its use is one of the methods of rational utilization of raw leather waste. Thus from collagen compositions can be a valuable target product. In the compositions of collagen with synthetic polymers, new unique properties due to the presence of various functional groups in the polymer chains. Promising medot preparing such compositions - conducting the grafting monomer is functionally-active collagen.
Purpose. to determine the main kinetics of radical grafting acrylic monomers with collagen.
Methodology. dilatometry, a radical method of "traps".
Originality. The kinetic orders of reaction velocity ratio constant growth and breakage of the polymer chains in the copolymerization of acrylic monomers with collagen with radical initiators in solution.
Findings. The dependencies speed grafting methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid with collagen involving potassium persulfate monomer concentration, initiator, and temperature. The values of the order of the reactions along the monomer, the initiator, the activation energy of the process, the rate constants of the reactions.
Keywords: Collagen, acrylic monomer, initiator, grafting.
Highlights.
* Excessive reaction orders for components.
* The high value of the ratio of the rate constants of growth and continuity.
* Lower the activation energy of the polymerization process.
To cite this article: S.Kh.Karimov, D.A.Fayzullayeva, N.R.Kadirova, A.S.Rafikov. Kinetic laws grafting acrylic monomers with collagen // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp.67-74.
Received: 14.03.2017; Accepted: 14.04.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
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3. Poluboyarov V.A., Voloskovaya E.V., YAnkovoya V.V., Gur`yanova T.I. // Intensifikaciya processa rastvoreniya kollagena s pomos`h`yu mehanohimicheskoy obrabotki // Himiya v interesah ustoychivogo razvitiya -2009. -N2. -S.183-189.
4. Tian Huilin, Chen Yihui, Ding Cuicui, Li Guoying. Interaction study in homogeneous collagen/chondroitin sulfate blends by two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy // Carbohydr. Polym. -2012. -89. -N 2. -P. 542-550.
5. Rabinovich David. Regulirovanie himicheskoy aktivnosti kollagena: peresmotr yeffekta Gofmeystera // World Leater. -2008. -N3. -S.26-29
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8. Freiberger Kollagen symposium. Leder und Hautemarkt. - 2004. -N8-9. -R.10.
9. Matyasovsky Jdn, Ktotik Jan, Cervinkova Danica, Jurkovic Peter, Duchovic Peter, ISnska Milada // Polymer biocomposites based on collagen. // J. Amer. Leather Chem. Assoc. 2012. 107, N10. P.323-335.
10. Sionkavska Alina, Kozlovska ZHustina, Planeska Alina. Kollagenovyie fibrillyi v polivinilpirrolidonovyih plyonkah, podvergnutyih UF-oblucheniyu // Bashk. him. zh. -2008. -N5. -S. 2030-2039.
11. Zhu Youjia, Wan Ying, Zhang Jun, Yin Dengke, Cheng Wenze // Manufacture of layered collagen/chitosan-polycaprolactone scaffolds with biomimetic microarchitecture. //Colloids and Surfaces. B. 2014. 113. P.352-360.
12. Ferrero Franco, Periolallo Monica, Luraschi Marco. Silk grafting with methacrylic monomers optimization and comparison // J. Appl. Polym. Sci. -2007. -103, -N 6. -R. 4039-4046.
13. Gao Qin-wei, Li Ming-zi, Kou Qin, Wu Guo-cheng. // Issledovanie sopolimerov na osnove fibroina i poli-D,L-laktida. // Linchan huaxue u i gongye = Chem. and Ind. forest Prod. 2011. M N 3, C. 1-4.
14. Lei Yang, Wen-wen Liu, Hui Jiang, Li-zhan Zhou, Peng Sun, Yi-feng Shen. Grafting of N,N-dimethylacrylamide onto silk fibers via a RAFT agent controlled radical transformation process // Fibers and Polymers. -2013. -Volume 14. -R. 875-885
15. Karimov S.H., Rafikov A.S., Tohirov R.SH. Poluchenie kollagena i ego privitaya sopolimerizaciya s akrilovyimi monomerami // Mat. mezhdun. nauch.-prakt. konf. "Novoe v tehnike i tehnologii tekstil`noy i legkoy promyishlennosti". Vitebsk, 2013. S.122-124.
16. Karimov S.H., Ibragimov A.T., Rafikov A.S., Askarov M.A. Armirovannaya plenka privityih sopolimerov kollagena i akrilatov // Plasticheskie massyi, 2013, N 8, S.50-52
17. Baranov I.A., Andriyanova N.A., Mochalova A.E., Sibirkin A.A., Batenkin M.A., Smirnova L.A. // Grafting polymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate on chitosan in the presence of cobalt(III) complexes . // Polym. Sci. B. 2014. V. 56. P. 553-565.
18. Karimov S.Kh., Ibragimov A.T., Rafikov A.S., Askarov M.A. A Reinforced Film of Graft Copolymers of Collagen and Acrylates // International Polymer Science and Technology, 2015, 42.4: T47-T50.
19. Wang Li Li, Xu Yongshen, Deng Shubin, Yuan Cnideng.Graft copolymerization of ethyl onto hydrokupropyl methyl cellylose using potassium persulfate as inisiator // Trans. Tianjin Unin. -2006. -12, -N 6.-P. 410 - 414.
20. Arken Kalbinur, Mamat Halidan, Muhammd Turghun // Poluchenie maslosorbiruyus`hego sopolimera posredstvom gomogennoy privitoy sopolimerizacii butilmetakrilata na cellyulozu. Petrochem. Technol. 2011. 40.N№11. P.1236-1241.
21. Li S., Gong R., Ma Y.Structure and properties the graft copolymer of starch and p-hydroxybenzoic acid using horseradish peroxidase // Polym. Adv. Technol. -2012. -N10. -P.1343-1349.
22. Kolya H., Tripathy T. J. Grafted polysaccharides based on acrylamide and N,N-dimethylacrylamide: preparation and investigation of their flocculation performance // Appl. Polym. Sci. -2013. -127. -N 4. -P.2786-2795.
23. Thakur V.K., Singha A.S.,Thakur M.K. Synthesis of natural cellulose-based graft copolymers using methyl methacrylate as an efficient monomer // Adv. Polym. Technol. -2013. -32. -N 1. -P. 741-748.
24. Pimpon V., Thothang P.Synthesis of cassava stareh-g-poly (methylmetaclate) copolymers with benzoul peroxide as an iniatior // J. Appl. Polym. Sci. - 2006. -101, -N6. -P. 4083-4089.
25. Nadim E., Bouhendi H., Ziaee F., Nouri A. Kinetic study of the aqueous free-radical polymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-pro- pane sulfonic acid via an online proton nuclear magnetic resonance technique // J. Appl. Polym. Sci. -2012. -126. - N1. -P.156-161.
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UDK 665.335.1
Mamatov M.M., Majidov K.H., Rahimov M.N.
THE STUDY OF THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOAP BASE
Bukhara engineering technological institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan Ministry of Higher Education, Bukhara
Abstract. Background. The rheological properties of reagents and reaction products of saponification of fatty acids make stringent requirements for the instrumentation and technological design of the production process. The limited information on the viscosity properties of the carbonate mass and soap base does not allow to solve the problem of the development of appropriate apparatuses on a scientifically grounded level.
Purpose. Investigation of the rheological properties of the soap base of saponification of fatty mixtures by physicochemical methods and the development on this basis of practical recommendations for continuous saponification.
Methodology. The main regularities were detected on a model mixture of fatty acids and saponification products, as well as samples of carbonate masses and soap bases of soap.
Originality. It is established that in the investigated shear rate range (0-437.4 s-1), the shear stress (τ) - shear rate (Д) is non-linear, that is, the carbonate mass and soap base are non-Newtonian fluids. As the depth of neutralization (y) increases from 70 to 100%, the effective viscosity of the carbonate mass decreases from 12.0 Pa * s to 1.0 Pa * s, due to a change in the mass fraction of water and electrolytes, as well as a decrease in the probability of formation of " Acid soaps ", which have an increased viscosity.
Findings. In the case of caustic deposition of carbonate masses, the rheological type of the pseudoplastic structure remains. A character is established and a quantitative estimate of the dependence of the effective viscosity of carbonate masses on the neutralization depth in the range of 70-100% and the dependence of the effective viscosity of soap bases on the mass fraction of electrolytes is given.
Key words: fatty acids, saponification, soap base, rheological properties, soap production technology.
Highlights.
* For the soap base cooking technology, a study of the dependence of the effective viscosity of soap bases is of particular interest.
* The conducted researches create prerequisites for automatic control of production and correction of soap glue according to the viscosity parameter.
To cite this article: Mamatov M.M., Majidov K.H., Rahimov M.N. The study of the rheological properties of soap base // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp.74-79.
Received: 05.04.2016; Accepted: 07.04.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
References
1. Arutyunyan N.S., Kornena E.P., Yanov L.I. and other technology of processing of fats. -М .: Fat-and-oil industry, 1999.-452 p.
2. Plesovskikh V.A., Dubovik O.A., Bezdenezhny A.A. Physical chemistry and technology of soap production. St. Petersburg: Him-edited. 2007.-182 p
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6. Melnyk A.P., Butenev V.P., Los S.S., Pochernikov V.I., Ulyanov Yu.V., Surzhenko E.M. On the viscosity of soap // Fat-and-oil industry, - 1987. - N 2. -19-20 p.
7. Pochernikov V.I. On the issue of structural changes in industrial systems consisting of sodium salts of fatty acids. // Journal. "Bulletin" of 2009 No. 1, 17-19 p.
8. Dubovik O.A. Formation and stabilization of soap-alkaline emulsions in the production of sodium soaps. Chemical industry. 2006, No. 4, pp 175-184
9. Saidvaliyev S.S. Developments in the direction of improving the quality and expanding the range of toilet soaps // S.S.Saidvaliev: The author's abstract of the thesis of Cand.Tech.Sci. - Tashkent. 2011. - 22 p
10. Saidvaliev S.S., Rakhimov M.N., Majidov K.H. Mastering new technologies for the production of toilet and economic varieties of soap // Proceedings of the 10th International Conference "Fat-and-Oil Industry-2010" S.Peterburg. 2010.-112 p.
11. Arutyunyan N.S., Arisheva E.A., Yanova L.I., Kamyshan M.A. Laboratory workshop on technology of processing of fats. -M .: Light and food industry, 1983. -150 p.
12. Saidvaliev S.S., Rakhimov M.N., Majidov K.H. Study of changes in soap glue under the action of electrolytes. // Uzbek chemical journal, -2011.-N5.- 42 p.
13. Saidvaliev S.S., Rakhimov M.N., Majidov K.H. Manufacture of toilet soaps with the addition of biologically active substances Proceedings of the International Conference, Tashkent, ICPS AS RUz, 2010, October 12-14, 118 p.
14. Vyakhirev D.A., Shushunova A.F. Manual on gas chromatography. M .: publishing house "Higher School", 1975.-122 p
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16. Guidance on the method of research, technological control and accounting of production in the fat and oil industry. vol. 4. VNIIZh, L. 1963.-280 p
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UDC 678.664-405.8+547.333.4′304.9
R.I.Adilov
WORKING OUT OF OPTIMUM COMPOUNDING FILLING RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM ON THE BASIS OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM BASES CONTAINING SYMMETRIC TRIAZINE
Tashkent chemical-technological institute, E-mail: asror_tcti@ mail.ru
Abstract. Background. Main directions of workings out in the field of HPF in the world are: working out of new catalysts and autocatalytic systems; improvement of flame-resistance PF; reduction and stoppage of application of chlorofluorohydrocarbons in the capacity of making foam agents.
From the stated outflows that flame-resistance improvement, reduction or failure from use of ozonedamaging freons, search more safety, less volatile and effective catalytic systems refer to global problems in the field of working out HPF.
Purpose. Optimization of rigid polyurethane foam compounding, obtained with the application of ammonium oligomers on the basis of N, N ’, N ”- tris - (β-oxyethyl) - hexahydro - S - triazine and epichlorohydrin.
Methodology. In the given research there have been used trial-and-error methods of knowledge of the phenomena, consisting on the analysis of the literary data on the theme and the subsequent development of the plan of action in a direction of modification of properties of existing installations. Such methods of research, as the quantitative chemical analysis, the standardized methods of definition of physico - mechanical properties of plastic, and also a standard method of conducting of technological test of compositions have been used in-process for obtaining polyurethane foam.
Originality. It has been shown that the oligomer on the basis of N, N ’, N ”- tris - (β-oxyethyl) - hexahydro - S - triazine (ТОEHT) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) in compositions for obtaining rigid polyurethane foam performs functions of the soft catalyst binding agent and fire retardant.
Findings. Changing the maintenance of hydroxyl-containing ammonium oligomers in the composition for foaming it is possible to vary in enough wide limits parametres of formation and physico-mechanical properties of HPF on their basis. Thus oligomer ТОEHT-ECH is the soft catalyst, allows to reduce concentration of the basic catalyst (lapramol-294) and can be used for more thin regulating of parameters of the formation of polyurethane foam. Besides thanks to the presence of triazine heterocycle and halogen in the composition allows to improve characteristics of combustibility of HPF. The conducted researches allowed to optimize the formulation of filling polyurethane foam and to lower their weight loss at burning in a fire pipe approximately in 2,5 times.
Keywords: oligomers N, N ’, N ”- tris - (β-oxyethyl) - hexohydro-S - triazine (ТОEТ) and epi chlorohydrin (ECH), soft catalysts, fire retardants, binding agents, rigid polyurethane foam.
Highlights:
* Formation optimization of filling rigid polyurethane foam has been carried out;
* Polyfunctionality of oligomers action of ТОEHT and ECH has been shown that allowed to simplify the formulation of polyurethane foam.
To cite this article: R.I.Adilov. Working out of optimum compounding filling rigid polyurethane foam on the basis of quaternary ammonium bases containing symmetric triazine // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp.79-84.
Received: 02.05.2017; Accepted: 15.05.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
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EXSPERIMANTAL CHEMISTRY
UDK 541. 669: 615.01
A.V. Filatova, D.Т. Djurabaev, A.S. Turaev
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGY OF COMBINED MEDICINAL MEANS FOR THE TREATMENT OF GINGIVITIS.
Abstract. Background. Creating a high-performance combined medicinal means for pain relief and treatment of inflammatory gum disease is related to one of the most significant tasks of the chemical and pharmaceutical science.
Current approaches to the treatment of inflammatory gum disease stand for the use of soft medicinal forms, highly effective on inflammation. In this regard came out a need for the preparation of such combined preparations, which simultaneously possess anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and analgesic actions.
The purpose of the work is to develop a composition and technology of medicinal means for the treatment of gum disease, possessing anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and analgesic action.
Methodology. Structure-forming properties of the preparation was studied using rheological methods, determining deformation rate dependence on shear stresses.
The pH of the solution was potentiometrically determined, at 20°C, with a mass percentage of 1.0% gel in accordance with the requirements of GOST 29188.2. Appearance, external color and smell of gels were determined in accordance with GOST 29188.0. The mass percentage of water and volatile substances were studied according to the requirements of GOST 29188.4
Originality. For the first time was obtained combined gel preparation including anesthetic and antiseptic preparations, which do not destroy the gel base and have low concentration of active ingredients, and high specific activity.
Findings. As results of carried investigations was obtained medicinal means on the basis of the gel for the treatment of gingivitis. It was determined specific activity and developed technology of the preparation. It is being developed qualitative and quantitative determinations of active components.
Keywords: gel, anti-inflammatory activity, rheology, gingivitis, pain relief, antimicrobial agent, antiseptic, combined composition.
Highlights:
* It was developed original composition and technology to obtain gel preparation.
* Combined drug has analgesic, antimicrobial effects and a pleasant mint flavor.
To cite this article: A.V. Filatova, D.Т. Djurabaev, A.S. Turaev. Development of composition and technology of combined medicinal means for the treatment of gingivitis // Uzbek chemical journal.- 2017. – Nr.3. – Pp.84-91.
Received: 27.03.2017; Accepted: 21.04.2017; Published: 16.05.2017
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