Volume №1
PHUSICAL CHEMISTRY
O. M. Yoqubov
SMELTING`S IMPROVEMENT OF SULFIDE COPPER CONCENTRATES IN THE VANYUKOV FURNACE AT JSC "ALMALYKSKY MMC"
Abstract. Background. Converter slags in the Vanyukov furnace are not processed and are sent to the beneficiation plant.
Purpose. Involvement in the processing of converter slags of the recycled copper production product in the Vanyukov autogenous furnace.
Methodology. A laboratory furnace was used to study the interaction of the reducing agent with iron-silicate slag.
Originality. A technology for processing man-made copper production products containing cop-per and precious metals has been developed.
Findings. In the process of reducing Fe (III) in the slag melt with carbon, the magnetite content decreases from 23.0 to 8.9%, the extraction of metals into matte was: copper 78%, gold 89%, silver 85%.
Key words: copper, converter slag, magnetite, reduction, carbon, concentrate, smelting.
Highlights:
- involvement in the processing of converter slags;
- technology for processing converter slags in a furnace.
References
1. Khursanov, A.Kh. History and Prospects of Development, Problems of Processing Technogenic Deposits of Almalyk MMC. // Proceedings of the International Scientific-Practical Conference. – Almalyk. – 19.04.2019. – pp. 3–15.
2. Khudoyarov, S.R., Yakubov, M.M., Pirmatov, R.Kh., Valiev, Kh.R. Technogenic Resources of Ferrous Metallurgy and Their Integrated Processing at JSC "Uzmetkombinat". // Journal "Ferrous Metals". – No. 2. – 2022. – pp. 67–72.
3. Bellemans, I., De Wilde, E., Moelans, N., Verbeken, K. Metal losses in pyrometallurgical operations—A review. // Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. – 2018. – Vol. 255, pp. 47–63.
4. Gabasiane, T.S., Danha, G., Mamvura, T.A., Mashifana, T., Dzinomwa, G. Environmental and Socioeconomic Impact of Copper Slag—A Review. // Crystals. – 2021. – Vol. 11, Article 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121504
5. Busolic, D., Parada, F., Parra, R., Sanchez, M., Palacios, J., Hino, M. Recovery of Iron from Copper Flash Smelting Slags. // Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy. – 2011. – Vol. 120(1), pp. 32–36. doi: 10.1179/037195510X12772935654945
6. Gabasiane, T.S., Danha, G., Mamvura, T.A., Mashifana, T., Dzinomwa, G. Characterization of Copper Slag for Beneficiation of Iron and Copper. // Heliyon. – Vol. 7, Issue 4. – April 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06757
7. Isroilov, A.T., Khasanov, U.A., Bekbutaev, A.N., Mutalibkhanov, S.S. Review and Research on the Solubility of Copper in Copper Smelting Slags. // Mining Bulletin of Uzbekistan. – 2020. – No. 2. – pp. 81–84.
8. Askarova, N.M. Possibilities of Processing Copper Production Slags by Hydrometallurgical Method. // Bulletin of Science and Education. – 2020. – No. 10. – pp. 36–40.
9. Kholikulov, D.B., Yakubov, M.M., Mukhametdzhanova, Sh.A., Bekbutaev, A.N. Development of a Technology for Metal Extraction from Process Solutions Using Ion Flotation Method. // Journal "Non-ferrous Metals". – No. 6. – 2022. – pp. 19–24.
10. Mamonov, S.V., Gazaleeva, G.I., Dresvyankina, T.P., Volkova, S.V. Improving Technological Parameters of Copper Smelting Slag Processing Based on Slow Cooling and Ultrafine Grinding. // Proceedings of Universities. Mining Journal. – 2018. – No. 2. – pp. 83–90.
11. Vanyukov, A.V. Smelting in a Liquid Bath. – Moscow: Metallurgiya Publishing, 1988. – 208 p.
12. Tsemekhman, L.Sh., Paretsky, V.M. Modern Methods of Processing Sulfide Copper-Nickel Concentrates. // Non-ferrous Metals. – No. 1. – 2020. – pp. 24–31.
13. Bacedoni, M., Moreno, I., Ríos, G. Copper Flash Smelting Process Balance Modeling. // Metals. – 2020. – Vol. 10(9), Article 1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091229
14. Vanyukov, A.V., Zaitsev, V.Ya. Slags and Mattes in Non-Ferrous Metallurgy. – Moscow: Metallurgiya Publishing, 1969. – 406 p.
15. Kupryakov, Yu.P. Reflective Smelting of Copper Concentrates. – Moscow: Metallurgiya Publishing, 1976. – 350 p.
16. Selivanov, E.N., Gulyaeva, R.I., Toloknov, D.A. Magnetite Precipitation During the Smelting of Copper-Zinc Concentrates in a Vanyukov Furnace. // Journal "Non-ferrous Metals". – 2010. – No. 7. – pp. 3–9.
17. Dosmukhamedov, N.K., Fedorov, A.N., Zholdasbay, E.E. Distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn, and As Between the Products of Two-Stage Reductive Depletion of High-Copper Slags. // Journal "Non-ferrous Metals". – 2019. – No. 7. – pp. 30–35.
18. Sokolovskaya, L.V., Kvyatkovskiy, S.A., Kozhakhmetov, S.M., Semenova, A.S., Seisembayev, R.S. Effect of Reducing Agent on Structure and Thermal Properties of Autogenous Copper Sulfide Concentrate Smelting Slags. // Metallurgist. – Vol. 65, pp. 529–537 (2021).
19. Zaitsev, V.Ya., Udalov, L.K., Yakubov, M.M., Genevska, T.N. On the Possibility of Using Waelz Kiln Clinker for Slag Depletion. // Non-ferrous Metals. – 1984. – No. 4. – pp. 19–23.
20. Yakubov, M.M., Abdukadyrov, A.A., Mukhametdzhanova, Sh.A., Yokubov, O.M. Involvement of Technogenic Formations in Production at Almalyk MMC JSC. // Journal "Non-ferrous Metals". – No. 5. – 2022. – pp. 36–41.
To cite this article: O. M. Yoqubov Smelting`s improvement of sulfide copper concentrates in the vanyukov furnace at JSC "ALMALYKSKY MMC" // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp.3-8.
Received: 12.11.2024; Accepted: 06.01.2025; Published: 13.03.2025
***
Е. T. Safarov, S. N. Rasulova, V. P. Guro, X. F. Adinaev
KINETICS OF REAGENT OXIDATION OF MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE IN SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTIONS
Abstract. Background. The kinetics of oxidation of synthetic MoS2 and molybdenum cinder (containing 38% MoS2) in concentrated nitric acid solutions was studied. It is of interest to obtain similar data on their behavior in other oxidizing media, in particular, in sodium hypochlorite solutions.
Purpose: Comparative study of oxidation kinetics of synthetic MoS2 (100%) and molybdenum cinder (with 38% MoS2) in sodium hypochlorite solutions.
Methodology. The kinetics of oxidation reaction of the objects was studied using the rotating disk method. Pressed mineral tablets in a Teflon frame were used. During their rotation in a reactive environment, samples of the solution were taken for analysis of Mo(VI)-ions (ICP-Agilent 7500).
Originality. The parameters of the kinetic equation of the oxidative leaching reaction and the activation energy of solid-phase diffusion of Mo(VI) were revealed.
Findings. A graph of the change in the concentration of Mo(VI) over time was constructed, the kinetics of MoS2 oxidation in NaClO solutions at a temperature of 24-35 °C was studied in comparison with oxidation in nitric acid.
Key words: sulfide minerals, MoS2, reagent oxidation, leaching, sodium hypochlorite.
Highlights:
- kinetics of MoS2 oxidation by hypochlorite, in a time interval of 0–3600 s;
- parameters of the kinetic equation of leaching were calculated.
- the activation energy of MoS2 in different oxidizing media was studied.
References
1. Iloeje, C.O., Tesfaye, F., Anderson, A.E. Thermodynamic Optimization of Critical Metals Processing and Recovery: Part II. // JOM. – 2021. – Vol. 73, pp. 862–864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04561-2
2. Rasulova, S.N., Guro, V.P. Kinetics of Reagent Oxidation of Molybdenum Sulfide in Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte. Part 2. // Uzbek Chemical Journal. – 2020. – No. 4. – pp. 3–10.
3. Sobolev, A.E., Lutsik, V.I., Potashnikov, Y.M. The Kinetics of Hydrochemical Oxidation of Iron(II) Persulfide (Pyrite) by Nitric Acid. // Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A. – 2001. – Vol. 75, pp. 757–759.
4. Rogozhnikov, D., Karimov, K., Shoppert, A., Dizer, O., Naboychenko, S. Kinetics and Mechanism of Arsenopyrite Leaching in Nitric Acid Solutions in the Presence of Pyrite and Fe(III) Ions. // Hydrometallurgy. – 2021. – Vol. 199, Article 105525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105525
5. Zelikman, A.N. Metallurgy of Rare Metals. – Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1980. – 431 p.
6. Rasulova, S.N., Guro, V.P., Ruziyev, U.N., Ernazarov, U.R., Adinaev, Kh.F., Safarov, Yo.T. Kinetics of Reagent Oxidation of Molybdenum Disulfide with Nitric Acid. // Uzbek Chemical Journal. – 2021. – No. 2. – pp. 3–11.
7. Safarov, Yo.T., Rasulova, S.N., Guro, V.P., Adinaev, Kh.F. Kinetics of Reagent Oxidation of Molybdenum Disulfide in Nitric Acid Solutions. // Uzbek Chemical Journal. – 2024. – No. 5. – pp. 10–16.
8. Shamsuddin, M. Hydrometallurgy. In: Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes, Second Edition. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. – Springer, Cham, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58069-8_11
9. Rogozhnikov, D.A., Rusalev, R.E., Dizer, O.A., Naboychenko, S.S. Nitric Acid Loosening of Refractory Sulfide Concentrates Containing Precious Metals. // Tsvetnye Metally. – 2018. – No. 12. – pp. 38–44. https://doi.org/10.17580/tsm.2018.12.05
10. Kuzas, E., Rogozhnikov, D., Dizer, O., et al. Kinetic Study on Arsenopyrite Dissolution in Nitric Acid Media by the Rotating Disk Method. // Minerals Engineering. – 2022. – Vol. 187, Article 107770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107770
11. Azizi, M., Biard, P.-F., Couvert, A., Ben Amor, M. Competitive Kinetics Study of Sulfide Oxidation by Chlorine Using Sulfite as Reference Compound. // Chemical Engineering Research and Design. – 2015. – Vol. 94, pp. 141–152.
12. Valenzuela, A., Valenzuela, J., Parga, J. Effect of Pretreatment of Sulfide Refractory Concentrate with Sodium Hypochlorite, Followed by Extraction of Gold by Pressure Cyanidation, on Gold Removal. // Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science. – 2013. – Vol. 3, pp. 171–177. https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2013.33021
13. Baghalha, M. Leaching of an Oxide Gold Ore with Chloride/Hypochlorite Solutions. // International Journal of Mineral Processing. – 2007. – Vol. 82, Issue 4, pp. 178–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2006.09.001
14. Ernazarov, U.R., Guro, V.P., Rasulova, S.N. Kinetic Equation for the Oxidation Reaction of Pyrite Concentrate in Sodium Hypochlorite Solution. // Universum: Chemistry and Biology. – 2023. – No. 11(113), pp. 5–10.
15. (Duplicate) Baghalha, M. Leaching of an Oxide Gold Ore with Chloride/Hypochlorite Solutions. // International Journal of Mineral Processing. – 2007. – Vol. 82, Issue 4, pp. 178–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2006.09.001
To cite this article: Е. T. Safarov, S. N. Rasulova, V. P. Guro, X. F. Adinaev Kinetics of reagent oxidation of molybdenum disulfide in sodium hypochlorite solutions // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp.8-15.
Received: 22.11.2024; Accepted: 20.12.2024; Published: 13.03.2025
***
E. T. Safarov, S. N. Rasulova, F. R. Abdullaev, U. N. Ruziev, A. I. Asadov, V. P. Guro
IMPROVEMENT OF TUNGSTEN ANHYDRIDE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Abstract. Background. In the practice of tungsten production, it is important to clean products from impurities that affect the physical and mechanical properties of tungsten.
Purpose: development of a method for cleaning sodium tungstate solutions from impurities.
Methodology. Na2WO4 solution was subjected to complex cleaning from Si, P, As by precipitation of Al, Mg compounds. Samples of the initial and purified solutions and sediments were analyzed for impurities (ICP Agilent 7500).
Originality. Optimal conditions for reagent purification of sodium tungsten solutions from scheelite concentrates with increased impurity content have been determined.
Findings. The optimal amount of reagent consumption has been estimated based on the purity of WO3, depending on the molar ratio of SiO2:Al2O3, and the consumption of Al2(SO4)3 has been determined.
Key words: tungsten anhydride, sodium tungstate, impurities, silicon, arsenic, phosphorus,
Highlights:
- phase control from treating Na2WO4 solution with aluminum sulfate;
- dependence of aluminosilicate cake moisture on the dose of reagents;
- purification of sodium tungstate from impurities
References
1. Sun, P., Chen, Z., Li, H., et al. A New Technology for Production of High-Purity Ammonium Paratungstate from Low-Grade Tungsten Concentrate. // Journal of Central South University of Technology. – 1996. – Vol. 3, pp. 171–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02652199
2. Yang, L., Qu, J., Gong, D., Wang, Z., Wang, R., Wan, L. Solventing-Out Crystallization–Basic Magnesium Carbonate Precipitation for Thorough Phosphorus Removal from Ammonium Tungstate Solution. // Frontiers in Chemistry. – 2022. – Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.976376
3. Xu, L., Zhao, B. A Fundamental Study on the Preparation of Sodium Tungstate from Wolframite via the Smelting Process. // Metals. – 2024. – Vol. 14, Issue 3, Article 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14030299
4. Zhao, Z., Li, J., Wang, S., Li, H., Liu, M., Sun, P., Li, Y. Extracting Tungsten from Scheelite Concentrate with Caustic Soda by Autoclaving Process. // Hydrometallurgy. – 2011. – Vol. 108, Issues 1–2, pp. 152–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.03.004
5. Liu, X., Xiong, J., Chen, X., Li, J., He, L., Sun, F., Zhao, Z. Acidic Decomposition of Scheelite by Organic Sodium Phytate at Atmospheric Pressure. // Minerals Engineering. – 2021. – Vol. 172, Article 107125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107125
6. Zelikman, A.N. Metallurgy of Refractory Rare Metals. – Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1986. – 324 p. [In Russian]
7. Szilassy, I., Vadasdi, K. Solvent Extraction of Arsenic from Sodium Tungstate Solutions. In: Sekine, T. (Ed.) Process Metallurgy, Elsevier. – 1992. – Vol. 7, Part B, pp. 1139–1144. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-88677-4.50009-X
8. [Anonymous] Synergistic Extraction and Separation of Phosphorus, Arsenic and/or Silica from Tungstate and Molybdate Solutions Using Primary Amine and Tributyl Phosphate as Solvents. // Hydrometallurgy. – 1996. – Vol. 42, Issue 3, pp. 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-386X(95)00108-S
9. Ekbom, L.B. The Distribution and Influence of Impurities in Tungsten Heavy Metals. // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. – 1991. – Vol. 10, Issue 3, pp. 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-4368(91)90020-O
10. China Patent CN104973628A. Methods for Purifying Sodium Tungstate Solution / Deng Shenghua, Danday Huang, Zehui Li, Hongchao Deng, Dengfei. – Published: 14.10.2015.
11. Voldman, G.M., Zelikman, A.N. Theory of Hydrometallurgical Processes. – Moscow: Metallurgiya, 2003. [In Russian].
12. Zelikman, A.N. Metallurgy of Rare Metals. – Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1980. [In Russian]
To cite this article: E. T. Safarov, S. N. Rasulova, F. R. Abdullaev, U. N. Ruziev, A. I. Asadov, V. P. Guro Improvement of tungsten anhydride production technology // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 15-19.
Received: 07.12.2024; Accepted: 28.12.2024; Published: 13.03.2025
***
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
J. A. Khonimkulov, Z. R. Kadyrova, F. G. Khomidov
THE IMPORTANCE AND CHEMICAL-MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF KIZILTASH HEMATITE IN OBTAINING PIGMENT
Abstract. Background. Import-substituting ceramic pigments are necessary for coloring prod-ucts and glazes of fired products.
Purpose. The study of the chemical and mineralogical composition of hematite from the Ki-ziltash deposit for the production of ceramic pigments.
Methodology. Traditional methods of physico-chemical analysis.
Originality. The chemical and mineralogical compositions, physico-chemical characteristics of hematite rocks of the Kiziltash deposit have been determined.
Findings. The chemical and mineralogical compositions, physico-chemical characteristics of the Kiziltash hematite rock and their sintering processes have been determined.
Keywords: ceramic pigment, hematite, magmatic rocks, maghemite, spectral, X-ray phase anal-ysis.
Highlights:
- composition of the hematite mineral of the Kyzyltash deposit;
- color characteristics of the Kyzyltash hematite rock.
References
1. Hosseini-Zori, M., Bondioli, F., Manfredini, T., Taheri-Nassaj, E. Effect of synthesis parameters on a hematite–silica red pigment obtained using a coprecipitation route. // Dyes and Pigments. – 2008. – pp. 53–58.
2. Molinari, C., Conte, S., Zanelli, C., Ardit, M., Cruciani, G., Dondi, M. Ceramic pigments and dyes beyond the inkjet revolution: From technological requirements to constraints in colorant design. // Ceramics International. – 2020. – pp. 21839–21872.
3. Pal, A., Samanta, A.N., Ray, S. Treatment of iron ore slime for value addition. // Hydrometallurgy. – 2010. – pp. 30–35.
4. Dondi, M., Eppler, R.A. Ceramic colorants. // In: Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. – 2000. – pp. 1–18.
5. Dondi, M., Raimondo, M., Zanelli, C. Clays and bodies for ceramic tiles: Reappraisal and technological classification. // Applied Clay Science. – 2014. – Vol. 96, pp. 91–109.
6. Maslennikova, G.N., Pishch, I.V. Ceramic pigments. // Stroymaterialy. – Moscow, 2009. – p. 220. [In Russian]
7. Yunusov, M.Yu., Babaev, Z.K., Khakimova, G.N., Matchanov, Sh.K. Glauconite-containing sands of Uzbekistan: Main characteristics and prospects for application. // Mining Bulletin of Uzbekistan. – 2010. – No. 2, pp. 58–60. [In Russian]
8. Bondioli, F., Manfredini, T., Siligardi, C., Ferrari, A.M. A new glass–ceramic red pigment. // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. – 2004. – pp. 3593–3601.
9. Khamidov, R.A., Khodzhaev, N.T., Khakberdiev, N.M., Ergeshov, A.M. Mineral pigments of Eastern Uzbekistan. // Geology and Mineral Resources. – 2016. – No. 5, pp. 50–58. [In Russian]
10. Li, C., Sun, H., Bai, J., Li, L. Innovative methodology for comprehensive utilization of iron ore tailings: Part 1. The recovery of iron from iron ore tailings using magnetic separation after magnetizing roasting. // Journal of Hazardous Materials. – 2010. – pp. 71–77.
11. Li, C., Sun, H., Yi, Z., Li, L. Innovative methodology for comprehensive utilization of iron ore tailings: Part 2. The residues after iron recovery from iron ore tailings to prepare cementitious material. // Journal of Hazardous Materials. – 2010. – pp. 78–83.
12. Kuznetsova, G.A. Qualitative X-ray phase analysis. // Methodical Guidelines. – Irkutsk, 2005. – pp. 15–23. [In Russian]
13. GOST 16873–92. Inorganic pigments and fillers. Methods for determination of color and whiteness. – Moscow: Standartinform, 2007. – 8 p. [In Russian]
To cite this article: J. A. Khonimkulov, Z. R. Kadyrova, F. G. Khomidov The importance and chemical-mineralogical analysis of kiziltash hematite in obtaining pigment // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 20-24.
Received: 31.10.2024; Accepted: 15.12.2024; Published: 13.03.2025
***
M. SH. Tukhliyev
STUDY OF THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM SUSPENSION
Abstract. Background. The processes related to the disposal and treatment of phosphogypsum have not been sufficiently studied.
Purpose - to determine the rheological properties of phosphogypsum and sodium carbonate sus-pension in relation to temperature and to analyze the possibilities of their application in technological processes.
Methodology. The rheological properties of phosphogypsum and sodium carbonate suspensions were measured using a viscometer (to determine viscosity) and a pycnometer (to measure density).
Originally. The rheological properties of phosphogypsum and sodium carbonate suspension were studied.
Findings. The optimal conditions for the density and viscosity of phosphogypsum and sodium carbonate suspension have been determined.
Key words: phosphogypsum, sodium carbonate, density, viscosity, temperature, time.
Highlights:
- density of phosphogypsum and sodium carbonate suspension
- viscosity of phosphogypsum and sodium carbonate conversion
References
1. Pukharev, M. A., Melnikov, A. V., Zhakov, V. D. "Rheological Properties and Composition of Products of Phosphogypsum Conversion." //Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals. -Vol. 55. -№ 4. -2024. -Рp. 262-267. DOI:10.1134/S1070363224070260.
2. Kravchuk, T. L., Tomilov, O. V. "Rheological Behavior of Gypsum, Plaster, and Hydroxyapatite Gel Blends." //Science and Engineering of Materials. -Vol. 56. -№ 3. -2019. -Рp. 221-228. DOI: 10.1515/sem-2019-0304.
3. El Mhammedi, M., Zaafouri, A. R., Berrabah, M. L. "Recovery of Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, and Na2SO4 from Moroccan Phosphogypsum." //Journal of Hazardous Materials. -Vol. 407. -2021. Рp. 125614. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125614.
4. Shih K.V., Ang H.M. "Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Phosphogypsum." //Environmental Geochemistry and Health. Vol. 43. -№ 6. -2021. -Рp. 2197-2205. DOI: 10.1007/s11041-021-00412-z.
5. Martinez G. M., Cabral R. G. "Properties, Purification, and Applications of Phosphogypsum." //Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 749. -2020. -Рp. 141395. DOI: 10.1007/s42463-020-00135-5.
6. Bergström L., “Rheological Properties of Whisker Composite Suspensions” //Journal of Materials Science. -Vol. 31. № 18. -1996. -Рp. 5257-5270. DOI: 10.1007/BF00418149.
7. Bossis G. and J. F. Brady “The Rheology of Brownian Suspensions” //Journal of Chemical Physics. -Vol. 91. -1989. -Рp. 1866–1874. DOI: 10.1063/1.456292.
8. Brady J. F., and G. Bossis “The Rheology of Concentrated Suspensions of Spheres in Simple Shear Flow by Numerical Simulation” //Journal of Fluid Mechanics. -Vol. 155. -1985. -Рp. 105–129. DOI: 10.1017/S0022112085000617.
9. Camerel F. et al. “Combined SAXS-Rheological Studies of Liquid Crystalline Dispersions of Mineral Particles”// Langmuir. -Vol. 19. -2003. -Рp. 10028–10035. DOI: 10.1021/la035129d.
10. D'Haene P., J. Mewis and G. G. Fuller “Scattering Dichroism Measurements of Flow-induced Structure of a Shear Thickening Suspension”// Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. -Vol. 156. -1992. -Рp. 350-358. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(92)90254-W.
11. Dhont J. K. G. et al. “Shear-banding and Microstructure of Colloids in Shear Flow” //Faraday Discussions. -Vol. 123. -2003. -Рp. 157–172. DOI: 10.1039/b302626g.
12. Egres R. G. and N. J. Wagner “The Rheology and Microstructure of Acicular Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Colloidal Suspensions Through the Shear Thickening Transition” //Journal of Rheology. -Vol. 49. -2005. -Рp. 1105–1118. DOI: 10.1122/1.1946459.
13. Bergström L. “Rheo-SANS Investigation of Acicular-precipitated Calcium Carbonate Colloidal Suspensions Through the Shear Thickening Transition” //Journal of Rheology. -Vol. 60. -2016.-Рp. 609-624. DOI: 10.1122/1.4959009.
14. Doi M. and S. F. Edwards. “Dynamics of Rod-like Polymers in Concentrated Solution” //Journal of Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 2. -Vol. 74. -1978. -Рp. 560-570. DOI: 10.1039/F2978740560.
15. Brady J. F. “Model Hard-sphere Dispersions: Statistical Mechanical Theory, Simulations, and Experiments” //Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science. -Vol. 1. -1996. -Рp. 472–480. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-0294(96)80049-1.
To cite this article: M. SH. Tukhliyev Study of the rheological properties of phosphogypsum suspension // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 24-28.
Received: 06.12.2024; Accepted: 08.01.2025; Published: 13.03.2025
***
Al. A. Eminov
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES OF CLAY RAW MATERIAL RESOURCES OF UZBEKISTAN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-ALUMINUM MATERIALS
Abstract. Background of the problem. Research into the raw materials resources of Uzbekistan is necessary to obtain high-alumina masses, which are widely used as lining and wear-resistant materi-als.
Purpose. Physico-chemical studies of clay raw materials of Uzbekistan for the production of high-alumina materials.
Methodology. Traditional methods of physicochemical analysis.
Originality. The chemical and mineralogical compositions and physical and chemical character-istics of clayey raw materials have been determined.
Findings. The chemical and mineralogical compositions and characteristics of clay raw materials and new formations in the form of aluminosilicate minerals in fired experimental samples were deter-mined.
Key words: high-alumina, kaolin, raw materials, enriched, catalyst waste, chemical, mineralogi-cal, physicochemical.
Highlights:
- composition of clay raw materials and secondary resources of Uzbekistan;
- samples of clays fired at different temperatures.
References
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. UP-60 dated January 28, 2022 "On the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022–2026". https://lex.uz/ru/docs/5841077
2. Andrianov, N.T., Balkevich, V.L., Belyakov, A.V., Vlasov, A.S., Guzman, I.Ya. et al. Chemical Technology of Ceramics. Textbook edited by I.Ya. Guzman. – Moscow: RIF "Stroymaterialy", 2012. – 496 p. [In Russian]
3. Shevchenko, V.Ya., Barinov, S.M. Technical Ceramics. – Moscow: Nauka, 1993. – 187 p. [In Russian]
4. Andrianov, N.T., Belyakov, A.V., Vlasov, A.S. et al. Workshop on Technical Ceramics. Textbook for universities edited by I.Ya. Guzman. – Moscow: RIF "Stroymaterialy", 2005. – 336 p. [In Russian]
5. Ergeshov, A.M., Fimushkin, L.I. Geological and Economic Monitoring of the State and Use of Nonmetallic Mineral Resources of Uzbekistan. – Tashkent, 2005. – 161 p. [In Russian]
6. Khamidov, R. et al. Defining directions for geological exploration and research on aluminosilicate, siliceous and carbon refractory raw materials considering industry demands and geological prerequisites. – Tashkent: IMR Funds, 2002. – 650 p. [In Russian]
7. Kadyrova, Z.R., Erkaboev, F.I., Khodzhaev, N.T., Khamidov, R.A. Prospects for the use of Uzbekistan's raw materials for the production of refractory composite materials. // Composite Materials. – 2005. – No. 3, pp. 9–11. [In Russian]
8. Bobkova, N.M. Physical Chemistry of Refractory Nonmetallic and Silicate Materials. – Minsk: Vysheyshaya Shkola, 2007. – 150 p. [In Russian]
9. Dyatlova, E.M., Biryuk, V.A. Chemical Technology of Ceramics and Refractories: Laboratory Workshop. – Minsk: BSTU, 2006. – 284 p. [In Russian]
10. Vakalova, T.V., Khabas, T.A., Reva, I.B. Workshop on the Fundamentals of Technology of Refractory Nonmetallic and Silicate Materials. – Tomsk: Publishing House of TPU, 2013. – 176 p. [In Russian]
11. Yamuna, A., Devanarayanan, S., Lalithambika, M. Phase-Pure Mullite from Kaolinite. // Journal of the American Ceramic Society. – 2002. – Vol. 85, No. 6, pp. 1409–1413.
12. Vinogradov, V.V., Vinogradov, A.V., Morozov, M.I., Rumyantseva, V.I. Physicochemical Methods of Material Analysis. – St. Petersburg: ITMO University, 2019. – 72 p. [In Russian]
13. Yakimov, I.S., Dubinin, P.S. Quantitative X-Ray Phase Analysis. – Irkutsk: SFU IPC, 2008. – 25 p. [In Russian]
14. Kovba, L.M., Trunov, V.K. X-Ray Phase Analysis. – Moscow: Moscow University Press, 1969. – 160 p. [In Russian]
15. ASTM – X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data File. – American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1988.
16. ASTM Standards Part 17, Refractories, Glass, Ceramic Materials, Carbon and Graphite Products. – ASTM, Philadelphia, 2005, pp. 7–9, 51–61.
To cite this article: Al. A. Eminov Physical and chemical studies of clay raw material resources of Uzbekistan for the production of high-aluminum materials // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 28-32.
Received: 02.12.2024; Accepted: 15.01.2025; Published: 13.03.2025
***
O. V. Myachina, L. E. Mamasalieva, R. N. Kim, A. KH. Rakhmonov, B. A. Pulatov, S. A. Burieva
SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MULTI-COMPONENT PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS
Abstract. Background. Monitoring of soil enzymatic activity is an effective tool for assessing the impact of various factors on the soil general ecological status “soil health” and fertility, and it is great demand in various areas of agricultural production and ecology.
Purpose. Study of the soil enzymes activity (urease, phosphatase, dehydrogenase) in phases of cotton plants grown and development on irrigated typical sierozem,
Methodology. Determination of soil enzymes Urease Phosphatase and Dehydrogenase was car-ried out according to (Khaziev, 2005).
Originality. The effect of phosphorus fertilizers of various composition on the activity of soil enzymes involved in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles was determined.
Findings. The activity and direction of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in the soil, as well as the intensity of oxidation-reduction processes under the influence of phosphorus fertilizers are shown.
Key words: soil, fertilizer, cotton, enzymes, hydrolases, oxidoreductases, phosphorus and nitro-gen metabolism.
Highlights:
- enzymatic activity of the soil allows to estimate the general biological activity, and ability of soil self-recovery;
- phosphatase activity depends on the type of fertilizer and season;
- the level of dehydrogenase and urease is independent of seasonal changes.
References
1. Khaziev, F.Kh. Methods of Soil Enzymology. – Moscow: Nauka (rev. ed.), 2005. – 252 p. [In Russian]
2. Functional Role of Enzymes in Soil Processes. // Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan. – 2015. – Vol. 20, No. 2 (78), pp. 14–21. [In Russian]
3. Khaziev, F.Kh. Ecological Relationships of Soil Enzymatic Activity. // Ekobiotech. – 2018. – Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 80–92. [In Russian]
4. Lian, J., Wang, H., Deng, Y., Xua, M., Liu, S., Zhou, B., Jangid, K., Duan, Y. (2022). Impact of long-term application of manure and inorganic fertilizers on common soil bacteria in different soil types. // Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. – Vol. 337, 108044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108044
5. Dai, W., Fang, K., Gao, H., Wang, J., Penttinen, P., Sha, Z., Cao, L. (2022). Differential Responses of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Carbon Turnover Related Enzyme Activities to Wheat Straw Incorporation in Subtropical China. // Phyton. – Vol. 91, pp. 169–183. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2022.016407
6. Neemisha, Sharma, S. (2022). Soil Enzymes and Their Role in Nutrient Cycling. In: Giri, B., Kapoor, R., Wu, Q.-S., Varma, A. (Eds.), Structure and Functions of Pedosphere. – Springer Nature, Singapore, pp. 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8770-9_8
7. Neykova, I., Shilev, S. (2024). Compost and Beneficial Pseudomonas Populations Promote Enzyme Activity, Amino Acids and Polymers Utilization Patterns in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils. // AMB. – Vol. 40, pp. 84–96. https://doi.org/10.59393/amb24400111
8. García Díaz, C., Siles, J.A., Bastida, F., Moreno, J.L. (2025). Soil Characteristics Rather Than Microbial Inoculation Determine the Effects of Alternative Phosphorus Fertilizers on Ryegrass Yield and the Soil Microbial Community. // Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-025-02275-5
9. Haroun, M., Xie, S., Awadelkareem, W., Wang, J., Qian, X. (2023). Influence of biofertilizer on heavy metal bioremediation and enzyme activities in the soil revealing the potential for sustainable soil restoration. // Scientific Reports. – Vol. 13, 20684. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44986-8
10. Ananyeva, N.D., Ivashchenko, K.V., Sushko, S.V. Microbial Indicators of Urban Soils and Their Role in Ecosystem Services Assessment (Review). // Eurasian Soil Science. – 2021. – No. 10, pp. 1231–1246. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0032180X2110003 [In Russian]
11. World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). – 2006. http://www.isric.org/projects/world-reference-base-soil-resources-wrb
12. Belousov, M.A., Isaev, B.M. Field and Vegetation Experimentation Methods with Cotton. – Tashkent: Soyuz NIKHI, 1977. – 114 p. https://e-catalog.nlb.by/Record/BY-NLB-rr22820270000 [In Russian]
13. Alimov, U.K., Ortikova, S.S., Abasov, Kh.K., Namazov, Sh.S. Ammophosphate Based on Partially Ammoniated Extraction Phosphoric Acid and Off-Balance Phosphorite Ore from Central Kyzylkum. // Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan. – 2015. – No. 3, pp. 12–18. [In Russian]
To cite this article: O. V. Myachina, L. E. Mamasalieva, R. N. Kim, A. KH. Rakhmonov, B. A. Pulatov, S. A. Burieva Soil enzyme activity under the influence of multi-component phosphorus fertilizers // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 32-38.
Received: 02.12.2024; Accepted: 25.01.2025; Published: 13.03.2025
***
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
O. Yu. Ismailov, D. N. Isamatova, M. Zh. Baltabayeva, R. A. Yusupov
INCREASING THE HEATING TEMPERATURE OF THE FEEDSTOCK BY ENHANCING THE ACTIVE HEAT EXCHANGE SURFACE
Abstract. Background. Increasing the efficiency of heat transfer is closely related to the crea-tion of heat exchangers.
Purpose. Objective. Increasing the active surface of the pipe at low raw material consumption and increasing the final temperature of the raw material.
Methodology. Statistical methods, methods for studying heat transfer, using control and measur-ing devices are used.
Originality. For the first time, the degree of intensification of the increase in the temperature of hydrocarbons in an experimental device was established.
Findings. At a flow rate of G 2 kg / min, the temperature of the raw material at the outlet is in-creased by 2-3° C and 5-9° C, depending on the diameter of the rod.
Key words: oil, gas condensate, naphtha, kerosene, rod, active surface.
Highlights:
- installation of the rod in the pipe part of the heat exchanger;
- increasing the heat exchange surface due to the installation of the rod.
References
1. O.Yu. Ismailov, Dzh.N. Isamatova, R.A. Yusupov. Influence of Flow Regime on the Thermal Efficiency of Tubular Apparatuses // Journal of Experimental Research. – Vol. III. – No. 3. – 2024. – P. 17–24. DOI: 10.56017/2181-40X.
2. A.M. Khurmamatov, O.Yu. Ismailov, Dzh.N. Isamatova, R.A. Yusupov. Increasing the Efficiency of the Condensation Process in Shell-and-Tube Units // Science and Innovation International Scientific Journal. – Vol. 2. – Issue 6. – June 2023. – UIF-2022: 8.2. ISSN: 2181-3337.
3. O.Yu. Ismailov, A.M. Khurmamatov, Dzh.N. Isamatova, R.A. Yusupov. Increasing the Heat Carrier Temperature by Changing the Structural Parameters of the Heat Exchanger // Universum: Technical Sciences (Electronic Scientific Journal). – 2024. – No. 4(121). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/17232.
4. O.Yu. Ismailov, Dzh.N. Isamatova, M.Zh. Baltabaeva. Dependence of the Thermal Efficiency of Double-Tube Apparatuses on Flow Regime // Journal of Research and Innovation. – No. 5. – 2024. – P. 30–36. ISSN: 2181-4058. www.imfaktor.uz.
5. Processes and Apparatuses of Chemical Technology / Ed. by Prof. A.A. Zakharova. – Moscow: Akademiya, 2006. – 521 p.
6. Saveliev N.I., Lukin P.M. Design and Calculation of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers: Study Guide. – Cheboksary: Publishing House of Chuvash University, 2010. – 80 p.
7. Kasatkin A.G. Basic Processes and Apparatuses of Chemical Technology. – Moscow: Khimiya, 1971. – 783 p.
8. Ismailov O.Yu., Khudayberdiev A.A. Influence of Recirculation of Oil and Gas Condensate Streams on Heat Exchange Efficiency // Proceedings of the II International Scientific and Technical Conference "Bulatov Readings". – Samara, March 31, 2018. – P. 330–332.
9. Z. Salimov, O. Ismailov, Sh. Saydakhmedov. Influence of Hydrodynamic Regimes of Oil and Gas Mixtures on the Efficiency of Heat Exchange // Bulletin of Volgograd State University. – Volgograd, 2015. – No. 2. – P. 25–33.
10. Salimov Z., Ismailov O.Yu., Ashurov E.B. Influence of Reynolds Number on Heat Exchange Efficiency During Heating of Oil and Gas Condensate Mixtures // Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. – Tashkent, 2015. – No. 4. – P. 45–47.
11. Ismailov O.Yu., Khurmamatov A.M., Yusupov R.A. Influence of Centrifugal Force on the Condensation of Hydrocarbon Vapors // Bulatov Readings: Proceedings of the VII International Scientific and Practical Conference (March 31, 2023). – In 7 volumes. – Vol. 2. – Krasnodar: Publishing House – Yug, 2023. – P. 155–157.
12. Ismailov O.Yu., Khurmamatov A.M., Isamatova D.N. Influence of Scale Thickness on the Heat Transfer Coefficient in a Horizontal Pipe // Proceedings of the International Conference "Innovative Approaches to Localization". – Karshi, October 14, 2023. – P. 237–238.
13. Ismailov O.Yu., Khurmamatov A.M., Baltabaeva M.Zh., Yusupov R.A., Ismoilov M.Kh. Comparative Analysis of the Physical Properties of Liquid Hydrocarbons // Universum: Technical Sciences: Scientific Journal. – No. 6(111), Part 3. – Moscow: MCNO Publishing, 2023. – P. 41–47.
14. Fozilbek F., Shomansurov A., Auesbaev U., Ismailov O.Yu., Khurmamatov A.M., Khametov Z.M., Muminov J.A. Optimization of the Process of Heating an Oil and Gas Condensate Mixture by Light Naphtha Vapor in Heat-Exchanger Condenser 10E04 // Nafta-Gaz. – 2024. – No. 8. – P. 501–510. DOI: 10.18668/NG.2024.08.05.
15. O.Yu. Ismailov, A.M. Khurmamatov, D.D. Rakhmonov. Hydrodynamic Basis of Centrifugal Cleaning. – Monograph. – Lap Lambert Academic Publisher, 2023. – 142 p.
To cite this article: O. Yu. Ismailov, D. N. Isamatova, M. Zh. Baltabayeva, R. A. Yusupov Increasing the heating temperature of the feedstock by enhancing the active heat exchange surface // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 39-44.
Received: 16.09.2024; Accepted: 25.12.2024; Published: 13.03.2025
***
M. Z. Aliyeva, G. A. Nuraliyeva
STUDY OF THE BINDING OF [Zn(L1)2·(L3)2] and [Zn(L1)2·(L3)2] COMPLEX COMPOUNDS TO MICROBIAL RIBONUCLEASE 1BNI MODEL PROTEIN USING THE AUTODOCK TOOLS SOFTWARE
Abstract. Background. The development of drugs resistant to viral and bacterial diseases is rel-evant.
Purpose: synthesis of complexes involving 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, dicarboxylic acids and Zn(Ⅱ) salts, study of their biological activity.
Methodology. 1BNI proteins were downloaded from databases via pdb.com and purified using Autodock Tools, hydrogen atoms and Kollman charges were added. The binding energies between the ligand and the protein were studied in AutoDock 4.2.
Originality. Complexes with the structure [Zn(L1)2 (L3)2] and [Zn(L1)2 (L3)2 were synthesized, their biological activity was studied.
Findings. The binding energies of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, succinic, adipic acid, [Zn(L1)2·(L3)2] and [Zn(L1)2·(L3)2] compounds with a protein molecule belonging to a microbe were found. It was determined that the lowest binding energy value belongs to the complex [Zn(L1)2·(L3)2] and [Zn(L1)2·(L3)2.
Key words: AutoDock Tools program, 1BNI protein model, 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, succinic, adipic acid, Zn(NO3)2.
Highlights:
- molecular docking methods [Zn(L1)2·(L3)2] and [Zn(L1)2·(L3)2.
- biological activity of complex compounds was studied.
Reference
1. Jakovljevic K, Joksovic M.D., Matic I.Z., Petrovic N., Stanojkovic T., Sladic D.; Vujcic M., Janovic B., Joksovic L., Trifunovic S., et al. Novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole-chalcone hybrids contain-ing catechol moiety: Synthesis, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and DNA interaction studies //Medchemcomm. -2018. -P.-1679–1697. [CrossRef]
2. Sayiner H.S., Yilmazer M.I., Abdelsalam A.T., Ganim M.A., Baloglu C., Altunoglu Y.C., Gür M., Saracoglu M., Attia M.S., Mahmoud S.A. et al. Synthesis and characterization of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives: Study of their antibacterial activity and CT-DNA binding //RSC Adv. -2022.- 12, 29627–29639. [CrossRef]
3. Mohapatra R. K. et al. DFT, anticancer, antioxidant and molecular docking investigations of some ternary Ni(II) complexes with 2-[(E)-[4-(dimethylamino) phenyl] methyleneamino] phe-nol //Chemical Papers. – 2021. – Т. 75. – С. 1005-1019.
4. Yakubu S. N., Poyi C. O., Afolabi E. O. Design, Molecular Docking, and in Silico Analysis of Analogues of Chloroquine, and Hydroxychloroquine Against Sars-Cov-2 Target (6W63. pdb) //Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research. – 2021. – Т. 5. – №. 6. – С. 1004-1017.
5. Yilmaz V.T., Demir S., Andac O., Harrison W. Mixed-Ligand Metal Succinate Complexes with 1,10-Phenanthroline and Ethylenediamine: Synthesis, Characterization, Spectroscopic and Thermal Studies. Crystal Structure of Succinatocobalt(II) Complex with Phenanthro-line.//Journal of Coordination Chemistry. -2002. -55(8), 863–872. doi:10.1080/0095897022000002196
6. Nakamoto, K. Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds.// 5th ed. Wiley Interscience. -New York. -1997.
7. Yang Q., Xie G., Chen S., Gao S. Synthesis, structure and thermodynamics of supermolecular compound [Ni3(Hdatrz)6(sca)2(H2O)4]sca·11H2O (Hdatrz=3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, H2sca=succinic acid). //Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. -2011. -110(2), 979-984. doi:10.1007/s10973-011-1970-2
8. Odoemelam C. S. et al. In Silico Ligand Docking Approaches to Characterise the Binding of Known Allosteric Modulators to the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor and Prediction of ADME/Tox Properties //Applied Biosciences. – 2022. – Т. 1. – №. 2. – С. 143-162.
9. Elijah S., Sani U. B. A., Uzairu A. Molecular docking study for evaluating the binding mode and interaction of 2, 4-disubstituted quiloline and its derivatives as potent anti-tubercular agents against Lipoate protein B (LipB) //Turkish Computational and Theoretical Chemistry. – 2019. – Т. 3. – №. 1. – С. 17-24.
10. Sathe B.S., Jayachandran E., Chaugule D., Jagtap V.A. New fluorobenzothiazole with connected thiadiazole of compounds synthesis: tuberculosis against tools as.// Pharm Res. -2011. -P. 4.
11. Tatar E., Karakuş S., Küçükgüzel Ş. Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Studies of a Conjugated Thiadiazole–Thiourea Scaffold as Antituberculosis Agents.// Biol Pharm Bull. -2016.-39, 502-515.
12. Tatar E, Küçükgüzel Ş.G, Karakuş S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives from L-methionine as antituberculosis and antiviral agents. //Marmara Pharm J. -2015.- 19, 88-102.
13. Tatar E, Küçükgüzel İ, De Clercq E, Krishnan R, Kaushik-Basu N. Synthesis, characterization and antiviral evaluation of 1,3-Thiazolidine-4-one derivatives bearing L-Valine side chain.// Marmara Pharm J.-2012. -16, 181-193.
14. Tatar E., Kucukguzel S.G., Karakus S., Synthesis and others tuberculosis against and tools as from L - methionine some new 1,3,4 -thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivs synthesis and biological price. // Marmara Pharm. -2015. -P.19.
15. Asif M. Har different replaced thiadiazole of analogues pharmacological potential comment.//Int Cur Res Appl Chem Eng. -2016. –P.2.
16. Guzeldemirci N.U., Kucukbasmaci O. Imidazo [2,1- b ] thiazole part own into received synthesis of new 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and to microbes against activity evaluation .// Eur Med Chem. -2010. -P. 45.
17. Upadhyay P.K, Mishra P. Synthesis of 5-(4-substituted phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines, mi-crobial against and to cancer against activity// Rasayan Chem. -2017. -P.10.
18. Taha S.S., Ahmad A.A., Mavlud S.I., Ali N.O. of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives some series their pathogen bacterial activity with synthesis // Raparin university. -2017.-P. 4.
19. Nuralieva G.A., Umirzokova О, Alieva М., Khayrullaev G.U. Study of structure of heteroygand comlex comhaunds of 3d-metal salts// Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI). -Vol 12. -Issue 9. -2021. -3798-3805.
To cite this article: M. Z. Aliyeva, G. A. Nuraliyeva Study оf The Binding Of [Zn(L1)2·(L3)2] And [Zn(L1)2·(L3)2] Complex Compounds To Microbial Ribonuclease 1bni Model Protein Using The Autodock Tools Software // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 45-50.
Received: 03.11.2024; Accepted: 04.01.2025; Published: 13.03.2025
***
M. A. Abdurakhmanova, Sh. Sh. Akbarov, M. T. Primkulov
RESEARCH OF FIBER WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF COTTON PULP
Abstract. Background. Studying the composition, physicochemical properties of fibrous raw materials will reduce its consumption.
Purpose. Development of technology for obtaining cellulose from cyclone fluff, involving it in the process of paper production.
Methodology. Study of waste in the production of cotton cellulose using modern analysis meth-ods. The characteristics of cellulose fibers were studied on the L&W Fiber tester of the Yuman Compa-ny.
Originality. Cyclone fluff for use in the production of cellulose and paper was studied for the first time.
Findings. Samples of paper from cyclone fluff cellulose were obtained, which were compared with cellulose from lint.
Key words: cotton cellulose, cotton lint, cyclone fluff, degree of polymerization, breaking length.
Highlights:
- use of cyclone fluff;
- samples of cellulose and paper with higher characteristics.
Reference
1. Kadyrov B.G., Tashpulatov Yu.T., Primkulov M.T. Technology of Cotton Linters, Cellulose, and Paper. – Tashkent: Fan, 2005. – 290 p.
2. O`St 645-2010. Cotton Linters. Technical Specifications.
3. Yuldoshov Sh.A. Methodological Guide for Laboratory Classes on the Subject: Theoretical Foundations of Cellulose Production. – Tashkent, 2017. – 42 p.
4. Serkoa A.T., Serkova L.A. Determination of Fiber Swelling in Water // Chemical Fibers. – 1974. – No. 5. – P. 70–71.
5. GOST 7629-93. Paper and Cardboard. Method for Determining Ash Content.
6. GOST 9105-74. Cellulose. Method for Determining the Average Degree of Polymerization.
7. GOST 30113-94. Paper and Cardboard. Method for Determining Whiteness.
8. Gorazdova V.V. Technological Regulation of Crack Resistance in Cellulose and Paper Materials: Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. – P. 43–45. “Determination of Structural and Morphological Characteristics of Fiber”. – Arkhangelsk, 2019.
9. Ivanov S.N. Paper Technology. – Moscow: Paper School, 2006. – 696 p.
10. Technology of Pulp and Paper Production. Vol. 2 (Part 2). – St. Petersburg: Polytechnic, 2004.
11. A.S. SU 933851, 1982: Filler for Paper Pulp Used in the Production of Printing Paper. Authors: Tovstoschukurova D.U., Khoetsyan E.A., Ivanov G.A., Goreva M.I., Kostyleva Z.A., Zaloznaya A.P.
12. Collection of Instructions on Technical Control and Testing Methods of Raw Cotton, Fiber, Linters, Seeds and Fibrous Waste of Cotton Gins / Ministry of Light Industry of the USSR, Main Directorate of Cotton Processing Industry, Central Research Institute of the Cotton Processing Industry (CNIIProm). – Moscow: Light Industry, 1972. – 532 p.
To cite this article: M. A. Abdurakhmanova, Sh. Sh. Akbarov, M. T. Primkulov Research of fiber waste in the production of cotton pulp // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 51-56.
Received: 24.10.2024; Accepted: 04.12.2024; Published: 13.03.2025
***
А.N. Boboqulov
Et2NH-H2SO4-H2O TIZIMINING O'ZARO TA'SIRINI O'RGANISH
Referat. Muammoning kelib chiqishi. Xlorsiz kaliyli o‘g‘itlar, xususan, kaliy sulfat ishlab chiqarish dolzarb hisoblanadi.
Ishning maqsadi. Et2NH-H2SO4 -H2O tizimining o'zaro ta'sirini o'rganish, (Et2NH2)2SO4 hosil bo'lish uchun optimal sharoitlarni aniqlash.
Metodologiya. Dietilamin (C2H5)2 NH va sulfat kislota H2SO4 solingan issiqlikka chidamli dumaloq tubli kolba ishlatilgan.
Ilmiy yangiligi. Ularning fizik-kimyoviy xossalari oralig‘ida parametrlarning o‘zgarishi bilan (Et2NH2)2SO4 hosil bo‘lish sharoitlari aniqlandi.
Olingan natijalar. Et2NH:H2SO4=1:0.15÷0.35 nisbatlar oralig‘ida rN 6.0÷10.0 kaliy xlorid konversiyasiga mos kelishi ko‘rsatildi.
Kalit so’zlar: kaliy xlorid, sulfat kislota, dietilamin, energodispersion spektr, IK-spektr, mikrofotografiya, rengenogramma, derivotogramma.
Xususiyatlari:
- kimyoviy bog‘lanish tabiati donor-akseptor bog‘lanishga mos keladi;
- C/S nisbati Et2NH:H2SO4 nisbati ortishi bilan 1.5 dan 4.5 gacha ortadi;
- namuna kristall tuzilishga ega.
References
1. Grabovenko V.A. Production of Chlorine-Free Potassium Fertilizers. – Leningrad: Khimiya, 1980. – 256 p.
2. Patent No. RU 2708204 C1. Method for Producing Potassium Sulfate. Bessene, Sebastien (US), Le Flammek, Didier (FR). – 2019.12.04.
3. Mazunin S.A., Chechulin V.L. Practical Aspects of Using Amines for the Production of Inorganic Salts and Systems // Chemical Industry. – Saint Petersburg. – 2010. – Pp. 170–179.
4. Pozin M.E. Technology of Mineral Fertilizers. – Leningrad: Khimiya, 1983.
5. Eshmetova D.Z., Djandullaeva M.S., Bobokulov A.N., Shatilo V.I., Toirov Z.K., Erkaev A.U. Study of the Process of Potassium Sulfate Production by Sulfuric Acid Conversion of Potassium Chloride in the Presence of Diethylamine // International Scientific and Technical Conference of Young Scientists “Innovative Materials and Technologies – 2021”. – Minsk, Republic of Belarus. – 2021.
6. Eshmetova D.Z., Erkaev A.U., Toirov Z.K., Bobokulov A.N., Turakulov B.B., Dormeshkin O.B. Study of Some Physicochemical Properties of the Et₂NH–H₂SO₄–H₂O System // Proceedings of the 86th Scientific and Technical Conference of Teaching Staff, Researchers and Postgraduates, January 31 – February 12, 2022. – Minsk. – 2022.
7. Eshmetova D.Z., Bobokulov A.N., Erkaev A.U., Toirov Z.K., Djandullaeva M.S. Study of the Process of Potassium Chloride Conversion in the Presence of Diethylamine // Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. – Vol. 25, Issue 4. – 2021. – Pp. 5375–5386.
8. Eshmetova D.Z., Bobokulov A.N., Erkaev A.U., Toirov Z.K., Djandullaeva M.S. Study of the Process of Potassium Chloride Conversion in the Presence of Diethylamine // UNIVERSUM: Technical Sciences, No. 2(83). – Moscow, 2021. – Pp. 77–82. https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/11295
9. Eshmetova D.Z., Erkaev A.U., Djandullaeva M., Bobokulov A.N. Study of Some Physicochemical Properties of the Et₂NH–H₂SO₄–H₂O System // Uzbek Scientific-Technical and Industrial Journal “Composite Materials”. – No. 2. – 2022. – Pp. 27–30.
10. Eshmetova D.Z., Djandullaeva M.S., Erkaev A.U., Khazratova Sh., Bobokulov A.N. Study of the Rheological Properties of Suspension and Liquid Phase in the Production of Potassium Sulfate // "Umidli Kimyogarlar-2021" – Proceedings of the XXX Scientific-Technical Conference of Young Scientists, Undergraduates and Bachelor Students. – Tashkent. – 2021.
11. Eshmetova D.Z., Bobokulov A.N., Erkaev A.U., Toirov Z.K., Kambarov A. Study of the Evaporation Process of Mother Liquors in the Production of Potassium Bicarbonate by Amine Methods // Eurasian Journal of Academic Research. – Vol. 2, Issue 6. – June 2022. – Pp. 402–407. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6636066
12. Eshmetova D.Z., Erkaev A.U., Djandullaeva M., Bobokulov A.N., Toirov Z.K. Study of the Process of Potassium Sulfate Production by Sulfuric Acid Conversion of Potassium Chloride in the Presence of Diethylamine // Universum: Chemistry and Biology: Scientific Journal. – No. 9(87). – Moscow: MCNO Publishing, 2021. – 96 p.
13. Eshmetova D.Z., Bobokulov A.N., Erkaev A.U., Toirov Z.K., Djandullaeva M.S. Study of the Process of Potassium Chloride Conversion in the Presence of Diethylamine // International Scientific-Practical Conference “Innovative Solutions to Topical Problems in the Field of Organometallic and High-Molecular Compounds”, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, May 28, 2021.
14. Eshmetova D.Z., Djandullaeva M.S., Erkaev A.U., Bobokulov A.N. Physicochemical Study of the Influence of Diethylamine on the Conversion Process of Potassium Chloride // "Umidli Kimyogarlar-2021" – Proceedings of the XXX Scientific-Technical Conference of Young Scientists, Undergraduates and Bachelor Students. – Tashkent. – 2021.
To cite this article: А.N. Boboqulov Et2NH-H2SO4-H2O tizimining o'zaro ta'sirini o'rganish // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 56 -64.
Received: 07.02.2025; Accepted: 24.02.2025; Published: 13.03.2025
***
Y. T. Ergashev, SH. M. Saydaxmedov
COMPOSITION AND MAIN PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC WASTE
Abstract. Background. Polymer waste causes environmental problems. Analysis of their de-composition and processing are relevant.
Purpose. Study of the properties of synthetic waste, assessment of its impact on the environment and determination of disposal methods.
Methodology: The physicochemical properties of synthetic waste were studied. Their composi-tion, heat resistance and degradation processes were tested.
Originality. A method for analyzing waste, the decomposition process using biological and chemical methods was developed.
Findings. Polyethylene waste decomposes by 10-30%; polybutadiene decomposes by 25% at a temperature of 60° C; dyes have high chemical resistance, their maximum decomposition is 15%.
Key words: waste, plastics, rubber, dyes, dehydration.
Highlights:
- dehydration process of synthetic waste;
- change in dehydration time depending on temperature.
References
1. Thompson R.C., Moore C.J., Saal F.S. (2009). Plastics, the environment and human health //The road ahead. Science.-323(5913). -Р.1255-1259. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1168140
2. Fabbri D., Chiellini E.S. (2019). Advances in plastic waste recycling. //Progress in Polymer Recycling Technologies. -24(2). -Р. 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.003
3. Zhang M., Liu X. (2020). Recent progress in the recycling of plastic waste: Challenges and perspectives.//Environmental Science & Technology. -54(5). -Р. 2718-2728. https://doi. org/10.1021/ acs.est.9b06177
4. Piñero R.E., et al. (2021). Thermochemical recycling of plastic waste: A review. //Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. -135. -Р. 110-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110125
5. Cicala G., Mazzotti, M. (2018). Characterization and recycling of plastic waste: New challenges and opportunities. //Journal of Cleaner Production. -182. -Р. 645-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.103
6. Liu H., Li S. (2020). Recycling and reuse of plastic waste: A review. //Waste Management & Research. -38(8). -Р.810-819. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X20942123
7. Duan X., Zhang H., Li J. (2021). Pyrolysis of plastic waste for energy production: A review. //Waste Management. -118. -Р.13-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.005
8. Al-Salem S.M., Lettieri P., Baeyens J. (2009). Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review. //Waste Managemen. -29(10). -Р.2639-2650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.06.025
9. Coz A., Kruse A. (2017). Pyrolysis of waste plastics and rubbers: A comprehensive review. //Energy & Environmental Science. -10(6). -Р.1175-1205. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE00733A
10. Sadhukhan J., Yang Y. (2021). Sustainable Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste for Resource Recovery and Energy Generation: Opportunities and Challenges.// Resources, Conservation and Recycling. -167.-Р.105397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105397
11. Hussain M., Iqbal M. (2021). Techno-economic analysis of pyrolysis of waste plastics: Opportunities and challenges.//Waste Management. -118. -Р.270-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.027
12. Zhao X., Chen G, Zhang Y. (2018). Effect of temperature on the pyrolysis characteristics of waste plastics. //Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. -134. -Р.150-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.01.004
13. Basu P., Bhattacharya S. (2020). Plastic waste pyrolysis: A comprehensive review of catalytic processes. //Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. -39(4). -Р.13318. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13318
14. Zhang L., Zhang J. (2020). Energy recovery from plastic waste through pyrolysis and its use as fuel: A review. //Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. -119. -Р.109616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109616
To cite this article: Y. T. Ergashev, SH. M. Saydaxmedov Composition and main physicochemical properties of synthetic waste // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 65-69.
Received: 06.11.2025; Accepted: 24.01.2025; Published: 13.03.2025
***
S. Kh. Ganieva, N. P. Sharafutdinova, B. Z. Adizov, B. A. Smanov, G. S. Khudayarova
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICALLY DEVELOPED MASHING COMPOSITIONS BASED ON PLANT OILS WITH IMPROVED PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES
Abstract. Backgroand. The development of environmentally friendly motor oils on a vegetable basis is an urgent task.
Purpose. development of biodegradable lubricating compositions on the basis of vegetable oils with improved physical and chemical properties.
Methodology. Standard methods of analysis were used. The concentration of NOx, CO, CHx was determined on a LH7A chromatograph.
Originality. New compositions of biodegradable motor oils from renewable raw material sources have been developed.
Findings. For biodegradable motor oils, the smoke of exhaust gases decreased by 1.3 times, and biodegradability - by 4 times compared to petroleum-based motor oil.
Key words: Vegetable, petroleum oils, lubricants, biodegradability, ecology.
Highlights:
- compliance with modern operating requirements;
- low toxicity, biodegradability, environmental friendliness.
References
1. Goldovskaya L.F. Environmental Chemistry. – Moscow: MIR Publishing, 2008. – 295 p.
2. Evdokimov A.Yu., Fuks I.G., Shabalina T.N., Bagdasarov L.N. Lubricants and Environmental Problems. – Moscow: GUP “Neft i Gaz” Publishing House, 2000. – 423 p.
3. Theo Mang, Wilfried Dresel. Lubricants: Manufacture, Application, Properties. – Saint Petersburg, 2010. – 632 p.
4. Mitusova T.N., Kalinina M.V., Danilov A.M. Oil Refining and Petrochemistry // Oil Refining and Petrochemistry. – Moscow, 2004. – No. 2. – Pp. 16–20.
5. Tyutyunnikov B.N. Fat Chemistry. – Moscow: Food Industry, 1974. – 448 p.
6. Baymetov R.I., Shakirov K.T., Astanakulov K.D., Ibragimshikov U.I. On the Technology of Mechanized Corn Harvesting // Bulletin of Agricultural Science of Uzbekistan. – No. 3(17). – 2004. – Pp. 55–59.
7. Nagornov S.A., Dvoretsky D.S., Romantsova S.V., Tarov V.P. Machinery and Technology for Processing Vegetable Oils. – Tashkent: Publishing House of TGTU, 2010. – 53 p.
8. Khamidov B.N., Ubaydullaev B.Kh., Mirzaeva M.M., Ganieva S.Kh., Smanov B.A. Reducing the Environmental Hazard of Diesel Fuel and Lubricants Using Plant Raw Materials // Uzbek Journal of Oil and Gas. – 2018. – No. 4. – Pp. 52–54.
9. Petroleum Chemistry (Practical Guide). – Moscow-Leningrad: Khimiya, 1990. – 268 p.
10. Fuels, Lubricants, Technical Fluids / Ed. by V.M. Shkolnikov. – Moscow: Khimiya, 1999. – 432 p.
11. Jozsef Szegi. Methods of Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. – Budapest, 2005. – 156 p.
12. Anoop Kumar, Mittal B.D., Singh M.R., et al. Ibid, 1997, Vol. 61, No. 8, pp. 22–27.
13. Ganieva S.Kh., Khamidov B.N. Vegetable Oils as a Cleaner and Renewable Alternative to Motor Oils // Journal “Development of Science and Technology”. – Bukhara. – 2020. – No. 3. – Pp. 45–50.
14. Ganieva S.Kh., Khamidov B.N., Ubaydullaev B.Kh., Mirzaeva M.M., Smanov B.A. Alternative Biodegradable Lubricants Based on Safflower Oil // Russian Scientific and Technological Journal “Oil and Gas Technologies”. – No. 2. – 2021. – Pp. 19–21.
To cite this article: S. Kh. Ganieva, N. P. Sharafutdinova, B. Z. Adizov, B. A. Smanov, G. S. Khudayarova
Development of biologically developed mashing compositions based on plant oils with improved physicochemical and environmental properties // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 70-76.
Received: 03.01.2025; Accepted: 15.02.2025; Published: 13.03.2025
***
A.M. Khurmamatov, K. Sh. Akhmedova, A. A. Khudoyberganov, G. O. Sidikov
RESULTS OF STUDYING THE CHANGES IN THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND COMPOSITION OF PYROLYSIS DISTILLATE
Abstract. Background. Investigating the composition and physicochemical properties of pyroly-sis distillate is crucial for its further processing and obtaining synthetic fuels.
Purpose: To study and compare the physicochemical properties and composition of pyrolysis distillate and hydrotreated pyrolysis distillate using IR spectroscopy.
Methodology. Sulfur content was analyzed using an ECROS analyzer, chlorine salts by titration, mechanical impurities using a Soxhlet apparatus, and moisture content in a heating oven. Functional groups were examined using a Perkin Elmer Spectrum Two FT-IR spectrometer according to standard methods.
Originality. For the first time, changes in the physical properties and composition of pyrolysis distillate and hydrotreated pyrolysis distillate were compared using IR spectroscopy and experimental methods.
Findings. Experimental results showed that the density of pyrolysis distillate decreases with an increase in temperature, while the kinematic viscosity decreases from 5.8 mm²/s to 5.04 mm²/s in the range of 40°C to 100°C. The pyrolysis distillate was found to contain no water, and the levels of sulfur, chlorine, and mechanical impurities were determined to be within acceptable limits.
Key words: pyrolysis distillate, hydrotreated pyrolysis distillate, diesel fuel, hydrotreatment, IR spectroscopy, flash point, freezing point.
Highlights:
- detailed analysis of the functional groups of the pyrolysis distillate.
References
1. Kapustin V.M., Gureev A.A. Oil Refining Technology. Part 2: Destructive Processes. – Moscow: Kolos, 2007.
2. Samoilov N.A. Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Diesel-Fuel Hydrotreatment // Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering. – 2021. – Vol. 55, No. 1. – Pp. 91–100. – DOI:10.1134/S0040579520060202
3. Kulikova L.A., Maksimova A.L., Karakhanova E.A. Diesel Fraction Hydrotreating in the Presence of Nickel–Tungsten Sulfide Catalyst Particles In Situ Synthesized in Pores of Aromatic Polymers // Petroleum Chemistry. – 2019. – Vol. 59, Suppl. 1. – Pp. S66–S71. – DOI:10.1134/S0965544119130103
4. Khurmamatov A.M., Yusupova N.K. Production of Construction Bitumen from Oil Sludges // Chemical Industry Journal. – 2020. – Vol. 97, No. 2. – Pp. 88–92.
5. Li H., Yang J., Wen H., Wang J. Kinetic Study of Liquid-Phase Hydrodesulfurization of FCC Diesel Fuel in Tubular Reactors // China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology. – 2015. – Vol. 17, No. 2. – Pp. 1–8.
6. Afanasyeva Yu.I., Krivtsova N.I., Ivanchina E.D., Zanin I.K., Tataurschikov A.A. Development of a Kinetic Model for Diesel Fuel Hydrotreating // Bulletin of Tomsk Polytechnic University. – 2012. – Issue 3. – P. 121.
7. Sadare O.O., Obazu F., Daramola M.O. Biodesulfurization of Petroleum Distillates—Current Status, Opportunities and Future Challenges // Environments. – 2017. – Vol. 4, 85. – DOI:10.3390/environments4040085
8. Tan S., Li S., Yue C., He J., Hou J. Kinetics of Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation of Middle Distillate from Chinese Shale Oil // Oil Shale. – 2013. – Vol. 30, No. 4. – P. 517.
9. Akhmedova K., Khurmamatov A., Khudoyberganov A. Innovative Approaches to Hydrotreating for Improving Fuel Purification Efficiency // Experimental Research Journal. – 2024. – Vol. 2, No. 5. – Pp. 50–57. – https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890999
10. Khurmamatov A.M., Akhmedova K.Sh. Analysis of Units for Producing Gasoline from Pyrolysis Distillate // XIII International Conference “Petroleum and Gas Chemistry”, September 23–27. – Tomsk.
11. ASTM D4052-22. Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter. – https://www.astm.org/d4052-22.html
12. Khurmamatov A.M., Akhmedova K.Sh. Exploring the Physical Properties of Pyrolysis Distillate // Proceedings of the National Scientific-Practical Conference “Actual Problems of Chemistry”. – Urgench, 2024. – Pp. 314–315.
13. ASTM D445-24. Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity). – https://www.astm.org/standards/d445
14. ASTM D56-21a. Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester. – https://www.astm.org/d0056-21a.html
15. ASTM D97-17b(2022). Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products. – https://www.astm.org/standards/d97
16. ASTM E1252-98(2021). Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis.
17. GOST 2477-2014. Method for Determination of Water Content. – https://meganorm.ru/Data2/1/4293763/4293763540.pdf
18. GOST 32139-2013. Determination of Sulfur Content by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. – https://meganorm.ru/Data2/1/4293773/4293773152.pdf
19. GOST 6370-2018. Method for Determination of Mechanical Impurities. – https://cdn.termexlab.ru/files/14f3eb0b/65ec/4cf7/a798/c6c70f5f45e3.pdf
To cite this article: A.M. Khurmamatov, K. Sh. Akhmedova, A. A. Khudoyberganov, G. O. Sidikov Results of studying the changes in the physical properties and composition of pyrolysis distillate // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 77-84.
Received: 12.11.2024; Accepted: 18.02.2025; Published: 13.03.2025
***
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
M. B. Xolboeva, M. R. Uralova, U. A. Madatov, Z. A. Smanova
SORPTION-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF LEAD(II) ION USING ARSENAZO(III)
Abstract. Background. Currently, the problem of detecting heavy and toxic metals in various environmental objects is one of the actual, causing problems.
Purpose. To develop a sorption-spectrophotometric method for determining the lead ion based on inexpensive sorbents and reagents
Methodology: reflectance spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, spectrophotometry
Originality. Development of a sorption-spectrophotometric method for determining the Pb(II) ion using arsenazo III.
Findings. using light absorption, reflection and IR analysis methods, optimal conditions for the formation of a complex with the organic reagent arsenazo III, used to determine the lead ion, were de-termined.
Key words: Pb(II) ion, immobilization, sorption spectrophotometry, 3,6-bis-[(2-arsonophenyl)azo]-4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid
Highlights:
- Detection of lead ions using a sensitive and selective organic reagent.
- Increasing the lower limit of detection of lead ions.
- Sorption-spectrophotometric method for detecting toxic lead ions.
References
1. Voronin E.A. Biochemical Effects of Cadmium and Lead in Food Products on Human Health // Sovremennye Innovatsii (Modern Innovations). – 2017. – No. 6 (20). – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/biohimicheskoe-vozdeystvie-kadmiya-i-s...
2. Sorkina N.S., Kuzmina L.P., Artyomova L.V., Bezrukavnikova L.M. Some Issues of Lead Exposure on the Morbidity of the Circulatory and Respiratory Systems // Meditsinskiy Trud i Promyshlennaya Ekologiya (Medical Labor and Industrial Ecology). – 2019. – No. 12. – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nekotorye-voprosy-vozdeystviya-svintsa...
3. Shachneva E.Yu., Archibasova D.E. Methods for Determining Lead in Environmental Objects // Astrakhanskiy Vestnik Ekologicheskogo Obrazovaniya (Astrakhan Bulletin of Environmental Education). – 2015. – No. 2 (32). – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sposoby-opredeleniya-svintsa-v-obektah...
4. Alemasova A.S. et al. Sorption Preconcentration of Lead(II), Cadmium(II), and Their Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Determination in Sorbent Suspensions. – 2008.
5. Kharlyamov D.A., Nasyrov I.A., Zinnatov R.R., Sippel I.Ya., Shaikhiev I.G. Sorption Preconcentration of Copper and Lead Ions with Magnetic Sorbent // Vestnik Kazanskogo Tekhnologicheskogo Universiteta (Bulletin of Kazan Technological University). – 2015. – No. 13. – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sorbtsionnoe-kontsentrirovanie-ionov-m...
6. Yakhshieva Kh.Sh., Smаnova Z.A., Yakhshieva Z.Z., Tojiboev B.Kh. A New Immobilized Reagent for the Determination of Lead // Austrian Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences. – 2015. – No. 3–4. – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novyy-immobilizovannyy-reagent-dlya-op...
7. Chepelev S.V. Possibilities of Sorption Preconcentration in Environmental Management // Vestnik Tekhnosfernoy Bezopasnosti i Sel’skogo Razvitiya (Bulletin of Technosphere Safety and Rural Development). – 2018. – No. 4 (20). – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vozmozhnosti-sorbtsionnogo-kontsentrir...
8. Chebotarev A.N., Rakhlytskaya E.M., Zakhariya A.N. Sorption-Spectrophotometric Determination of Al(III), Ga(III), and In(III) Using Dimethylchlorosilane-Aerosil Impregnated with Polar Solvent // Visnyk Odeskogo Natsionalnogo Universytetu. Khimiya (Bulletin of Odessa National University. Chemistry). – 2014. – Vol. 19, No. 1 (49). – Pp. 32–38.
9. Smirnov A.K., Smotrina T.V., Yaroshevskaya Kh.M. Sorption of Lead(II) by Lichen Polysaccharides // Vestnik Kazanskogo Tekhnologicheskogo Universiteta (Bulletin of Kazan Technological University). – 2016. – No. 14. – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sorbtsiya-svintsa-ii-lishaynikovymi-po...
10. Lurye Yu.Yu. Handbook of Analytical Chemistry. – Moscow: Khimiya, 1989. – Pp. 267–275.
11. Van Stappen K., Davydov R., Yang C.-Y., Fan R., Guo Y., Eckhard B., Zefeldt L., Hoffman B., De Beer S. Spectroscopic Characterization of the Mo Nitrogenase E1 State Based on Mo and Fe X-ray Absorption and Mössbauer Studies // Inorganic Chemistry. – 2019. – Vol. 58, No. 18. – Pp. 12365–12376.
12. Curzon M.E., Kubota J., Bibby J.B.G. Environmental Effects of Molybdenum on Caries // Journal of Dental Research. – 1971. – Vol. 50, No. 1. – Pp. 74–77.
13. Yulchieva M.G., Turaev Kh.Kh., Nomozov A.K., Tovoshareva I.E. Studying Synthesis of a Chelate-Forming Sorbent Based on Urea-Formaldehyde and Diphenylcarbazone // Indian Journal of Chemistry. – 2024. – Vol. 63, No. 6. – Pp. 579–585. – https://doi.org/10.56042/ijc.v63i6.9006
14. Nazirov Sh.S., Turaev Kh.Kh., Kasimov Sh.A., Normurodov B.A., Jumaeva Z.E., Nomozov A.K., Alimnazarov B.Kh. Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper(II) Ion with 7-Bromo-2-Nitroso-1-Oxinaphthalene-3,6-Disulphonic Acid // Indian Journal of Chemistry. – 2024. – Vol. 63, No. 5. – Pp. 500–505.
To cite this article: M. B. Xolboeva, M. R. Uralova, U. A. Madatov, Z. A. Smanova Sorption-spectrophotometric determination of lead(II) ion using arsenazo(III) // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 85-91.
Received: 28.10.2024; Accepted: 20.12.2025; Published: 13.03.2025
***
Z. A. Smanova, B. R. Normatov, Z. Z. Yaxshiyeva, M. X. Xolboyeva, M. Fatxullaeva
MONITORING LEAD IONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS USING IMMOBILIZED REAGENTS
Abstract. Background. Due to environmental pollution by industrial waste, monitoring of lead content is relevant.
Purpose: Monitoring lead ions in waters by sorption spectroscopy using immobilized reagents.
Methodology: Sorption-spectrophotometric methods were used to identify immobilization and complexation conditions.
Originality. A sorption-spectrophotometric method for determining lead ions with immobilized sulforazen was used.
Findings. The conditions for analyzing lead ions were optimized, including pH 8.2, with a detec-tion limit of lead (II) ions of 0.1 μg / l.
Key words: sulforazen, immobilization, sorption spectroscopy, monitoring, lead (II) ions
Highlights
– monitoring lead ions in real natural objects;
– determination of lead(II) with immobilized sulforazene.
References
1. Filov V.A. Chemical pollutants of the environment, toxicology and information issues // Rus-sian Chemical Journal. - 2004. - Vol. 48. - -№ 2. - P. 4-8.
2. Shachneva E.Yu. Impact of heavy toxic metals on the environment // Scientific potential of re-gions at the service of modernization. - 2012. - № 2 (3). - P. 127-134.
3. Bockris J.O. Environmental Chemistry Bockris J.O. Environmental Chemistry // M.: Chemistry. – 1982. – 672 p.
4. Aleskovskiy V.B. Physicochemical methods of analysis // L.: Chemistry. – 1988. – 373 p.
5. Kalvoda R. Electroanalytical methods in environmental control // M.: Chemistry. – 1990. – 238 p.
6. Lurye Yu.Yu., Rybnikova A.I. Chemical analysis of industrial wastewater // M.: Chemistry. - 1974. - 336 p.
7. Medvedev I.F., Derevyagin S.S. Heavy metals in ecosystems // Saratov: “Rakurs”, -2017. -178 p.
8. Shepotko A.O., Dulsky V.A. Lead in the body of animals and humans // Hygiene and sanita-tion. – 1993. - No. 8. - P. 70 – 73.
9. Drinking water. Methods for determining the content Pb, Zn, Ag: GOST 18293-72. - M.: USSR State Committee for Standards, 1980. - 19 p.
10. Zolotov Yu.A. Sorption concentration of microcomponents from solutions: application in inor-ganic analysis // M.: Nauka, 2007. 320 p.
11. Savvin S.B., Dedkova V.P., Shvoeva O.P. Sorption-spectroscopic and test methods for deter-mining metal ions on the solid phase of ion-exchange materials // Advances in Chemistry. 2000. Vol. 69, №. 3. P. 203-217.
12. Ivanov V.M., Kuznetsova O.V. Chemical colorimetry: possibilities of the method, areas of ap-plication and prospects // Advances in Chemistry. 2001. Vol. 70, No. 5. P. 411-427.
13. Ruzmetov U.U., Jumaeva E.Sh., Orziqulov B.T., Smanova Z.A. Determination of iron in water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with sorption preconcentration // Industrial Laborato-ry. Materials Diagnostics. 2023, 89 (12), С. 22-30.
14. Vasilyev V.P. Analytical chemistry // M.: Higher School. - 1989. - 539 p.
15. Zaporozhets O.A., Gaver O.M., Sukhan V.V. Immobilization of analytical reagents on the sur-face of carriers // Usp. chem. 1997. -T. 66. №. 7. -P. 702-712.
16. Zolotov Yu.A., Ivanov V.M., Amelin V.G. Chemical test methods of analysis // M.: Editorial URSS, 2002. -304 p.
17. Zolotov Yu.A. Sorption concentration of microcomponents from solutions: application in inor-ganic analysis // M.: Nauka, 2007. 320 p.
18. Ashirov M.A., Yusupova M.R., Akhmadjanov U.G., Baigenzhenov O., Berdimurodov E.T. Sulfarsazen-immobilized PPA Matrix as a New Efficient Analytical Reagent for Hg(II) Deter-mination // Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Research. 2023. 10 (2). -P. 135-148.
19. Эрматова О.А., Бобомуродова М.С., Сманова З.А., Ғофурова Д.А., Шаҳидова Д.Н. Development of a Sorption-spectroscopic Method for the Determination of Lead Ions by Immobilized Sulfarsarsen // Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages. 596-604.
20. Zaporozhets O.A., Tsyukalo L.E. Test determination of lead and zinc in water using xylenol orange immobilized on silica // J. Analytical Chemistry. 2004. Vol. 59. №. 4. -P. 434-439.
21. Nikitina N.A. Solid-phase analytical reagents based on diphenylcarbazone // Bulletin of Kharkiv National University. 2012. №.1026. Chemistry. VIP. 21 (44). -P. 200-211.
22. Smulevich V.B., Solenova L.G. Industrial carcinogens and public health // Hygiene and sanita-tion. 1997. №. 4. -P. 22 - 25
23. Onishchenko G.G. On the sanitary and epidemiological state of the environment // Hygiene and sanitation. -2013. №. 2. -P. 4-10.
24. Chekunova M.P., Minkina N.A. The role of competition of metals with calcium ions in the mechanism of toxic specific action // Hygiene and sanitation. 1989. - №. 3. - P. 67-69.
25. Semenov A.D. Guide to chemical analysis of land surface waters // L.: Gidrometeoizdat.1977.-541 p.
26. Legittimo P.C., Piccardi G., Pantani. F. Cu, Pb and Zn determination in rainwater by differen-tial pulse anodic stripping voltammetry // Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 1980. Vol. 14. -P. 435 – 441.
27. Silva I.B., Araujo D.M.D., Vocciante M., Ferro S., Martinez-Huitle C.A., Santos E.V.D. Elec-trochemical Determination of Lead Using A Composite Sensor Obtained from Low-Cost Green Materials: Graphite // Cork. Appl. Sci. 2021. Vol. 11. -2355 p.
28. Elsherif1 Kh., Alzalouk Z.Y., Zubi A., Al-Ddarwish S.A. Facile spectrophotometric determina-tion of Cd(II) and Pb(II) using murexide reagent in mixed solvent system // Chemistry Interna-tional 8(4) (2022).
29. Madusmanova N.K., Smanova Z.A., Zhuraev I.I. Properties of the new analytical reagent 2-hydroxy-3-nitrosonaphthaldehyde // J. Analytical Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 75. №. 1. -P. 92-96.
30. Korostylev P.P. Preparation of solutions for chemical-analytical works // M.: Nauka. 1981. - 202 p.
31. Drinking water. Sampling: GOST 24481-80. Moscow: USSR State Committee for Standards. 1986. - 4 p.
32. Lurie Yu.Yu. Handbook of Analytical Chemistry // M.: Chemistry. 1989. -P. 446-445.
33. Weisberg M, Proskauer E, Rydberg J, Tups Z. Organic solvents // M.: Foreign literature. 1958. - P. 120-145.
To cite this article: Z. A. Smanova, B. R. Normatov, Z. Z. Yaxshiyeva, M. X. Xolboyeva, M. Fatxullaeva Monitoring lead ions in environmental objects using immobilized reagents // Uzbek chemical journal. -2025. – Nr1. - Pp. 91-98.
Received: 06.11.2024; Accepted: 28.02.2025; Published: 13.03.2025