Volume Nr 2
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UDK 631.85.661
T. I. Nurmurodov, A. U. Erkaev, Z. K. Tairov, 1B. Kh. Kucharov
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROCHLORIC AND NITRIC ACID SLURRIES PRODUCED DURING THE PROCESSING OF CENTRAL KYZYLKUM PHOSPHORITES
Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, Е-mail: kbx74@yandex.ru 1Навоинский государственный горный институт, Navoiy c.
Abstract. Background. Currently, an increase of phosphate fertilizers manufacture, mainly leads to an increase costs of production due to excessive specific consumption rates for raw materials and energy resources. In other case, almost in all companies the technical procedures related technology development are carried out using sulfuric or nitric acid, with an increased flow rate in comparison to other phosphorites. Hydrochloric processing of Central Kizylkum phosphorite to produce phosphate salts not so far has been investigated.
Purpose. The aim of the study is the hydrochloric and nitric acid processing of Central Kizylkum phosphate into phosphoric fertilizers.
Methodology. Experiments were carried out at a laboratory tool consisting of laboratory reactor equipped with a blade mixer. The calculated amount of hydrochloric acid was placed into a reactor and added to the estimated amount of low-grade phosphate materials with vigorous stirring. The temperature of the reaction mass was maintained at 40-45°C using a contact thermometer. The sample’s contents were investigated: CaO – by complexometric titration method, N – by Kjeldahl method, and CO2 – by volumetric method, with the definition of evolved carbon dioxide in the interaction with hydrochloric acid.
Originality. The results of investigations of rheological properties of the suspensions obtained by hydrochloric - nitric acid decomposition of low-grade Central Kyzylkum’s phosphate rock have been described and the adaptability to manufacture phosphate fertilizers was proved
Findings. Basing on the research results it was shown that rheological properties of the suspensions the low-grade phosphate rock Central Kyzylkum can be decomposed with hydrochloric - and nitric acids into phosphoric fertilizers
Keywords: phosphate fertilizers, phosphorite, decomposition, ammoniation, hydrochloric processing, deposit, suspension, filtrate, solution.
Highlights:
* New data on hydrochloric and nitrogen acid decomposition of CK phosphorite were obtained;
* They are the base to select technological regime for phosphate fertilizer processing.
Citation: T. I. Nurmurodov, A. U. Erkaev, Z. K. Tairov, 1B. Kh. Kucharov Rheological properties of hydrochloric and nitric acid slurries produced during the processing of Central Kyzylkum phosphorites // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.3-9.
Received: 15.12.2016; Accepted: 11.01.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
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2. Askarov M.A., Davronbekov U.Yu., Doniyarov N.A. Obogashenie slojnih fosforitovih rud mestorojdeniya Djeroy-Sardara i perspektiva ih intensifikatsii // Gorniy vestnik Uzbekistana. – 2001.-No.1. - S .77-79.
3. Dehkanov Z.K., Seytnazarov A.R., Namazov SH.S. Reymov A.M., Kurbaniyazov R.K. Kompleksnaya pererabotka fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov. // Himicheskiy jurnal Kazahstana. - Kazahstan, 2014. –No.4. - S. 9-19.
4. A.s. 994457. Sposob polucheniya slojnogo udobreniya iz fosforsoderjashego sir'ya putyom razlojkniya ego razbavlennoy solyanoy kislotoy. Li Thya Sir SHpilevskaya O.V., Timchenko A.I. i dr. - Opubl. V B.I., 1983.No.5.
5. Sultonov B.Ý., Namazov SH.S., Ortikova S.S., Zakirov B.S., Reymov A.M. Vliyanie tehnologicheskih parametrov na kachestvo fosfokontsentratov, poluchaemih pri solyanokislotnom obogoshenii fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov// Kazahstanskiy himicheskiy jurnal, Alma-Ati, 2015. –No.3. -S. 149-155.
6. Sultonov B.Ý., Namazov SH.S., Ortikova S.S., Reymov A.M., Zakirov B.S. Solyanokislotnoe obogashenie fosforitovoy muki iz fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov // Uzbekskiy himicheskih jurnal, Tashkent, 2015.-No.4.- S. 55-60.
7. Amirova A.M. Fiziko-himicheskie issledovaniya fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov i protsessov ih kislotnoy pererabotki // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy jurnal. – 1983.-No.1. - S. 18-26.
8. Pyagay A.G., Beglov B.M., Kim-Lin-Zu V.A., Boruhov I.A. Obogashenie visokokarbonizirovannih fosforitov azotnokislotnoy vityajkoy // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy jurnal. – 1990.-No. 3. -S.5-7.
9. Dehkanov Z.K., Namazov SH.S., Sultanov B.Ý., Zakirov B.S., Seytnazarov A.R. Azotnokislotnoe obogashenie fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov. // Himicheskaya tehnologiya. Kontrol' i upravlenie. - Tashkent, 2011. –No.4. - S.5-11.
10. Dehkanov Z.K., Sultanov B.Ý., Namazov SH.S., Seytnazarov A.R. Obogashenie mitogo sushenogo kontsentrata azotnoy kislotoy. // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy jurnal. - Tashkent, 2012. –No.1. - S.15-23.
11. Dehkanov Z.K., Seytnazarov A.R., Namazov SH.S. Fiziko-himicheskie svoystva rastvora kal'tsievoy selitri - pobochnogo produkta azotnokislotnogo obogasheniya fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov. // Himicheskaya tehnologiya. Kontrol' i upravlenie. - Tashkent, 2014.-No.4. - S.5-11.
12. Sultanov B.Ý., Reymov A.M., Namazov SH.S., Zakirov B.S. Vliyanie nekotorih tehnologichekih parametrov na protsess pretsipitirovaniya solyanokislotnoy vityajki fosfatov. // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy jurnal. - Tashkent, 2016. – No. 2. - S.67-70.
13. Sultanov B.Ý., Namazov SH.S., Zakirov B.S.Solyanokislotnoe poluchenie pretsipitata na osnove mineralizovannoy massi iz fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov.// Gorniy vestnik Uzbekistana.-2015.-No.1.-S.99-101.
14. Sultanov B.Ý., Reymov A.M., Namazov SH.S., Seytnazarov A.R. Solyanokislotnaya pererabotka visokokarbonatnoy fosforitovoy muki Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov na udobritel'niy pretsipitat.// Jurn. Himicheskaya promishlennost'.-2015.-No.4.-S.163-168.
15. Sultanov B.Ý., Reymov A.M., Namazov SH.S., Popova O.I. Reologicheskie svoystva pretsipitatnih pul'p, poluchennih na osnove mineralizovannoy massi.// Mejdunarodnaya konferentsiÿ "Resursosberegayushie tehnologii pererabotki fosforitov Tsentral'nih Kizilkumov v fosforsoderjashie udobreniya i fosfornie soli". Tashkent.-2016.-S.27.
16. Sultanov B.Ý., Reymov A.M., Namazov SH.S., Popova O.I., Zairov B.S. Reologicheskie svoystva pretsipitatnih pul'p, poluchennih na osnove mineralizovannoy massi.// Jurn.Aprobatsiya.Mahachkala.-2016.-No.9.-S.15-18.
17. Sultanov B.Ý., Reymov A.M., Namazov SH.S., Popova O.I., Zairov B.S. Izuchenie reologicheskih svoystv solyanokislotnih rastvorov i pretsipitatnih pul'p.// Uzbekskiy himicheskiy jurnal. - Tashkent, 2016. -No 4. - S.34-37.
18. Sultanov B.Ý., Reymov A.M., Namazov SH.S. Izuchenie reologicheskih svoystv pretsipitatnih pul'p fosforitovoy muki.// Sbornik materialov V-Mejdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya "Estestvennie i tehnicheskie nauki v sovremennom mire." Moskva. - 2016.-S.80-82.
19. Praktikum po fizicheskoy himii. Burmistrova O.A., Karapetyants M.H., Karetnikov G.S. i dr. Pod. Red. Gorbacheva S.V.-M.: -Visshaya shkola.-1974.-.496 c.
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UDK 767.61
F. I. Erkabaev
THE SORPTION METHOD OF PURIFICATION OF CHROMIUM-CONTAINING WASTEWATER AND WASTE SOLUTIONS
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of AS of the RUz, Tashkent c., Е-mail: erkabaevf@rambler.ru
Abstract. Background. The premise of the problem. It’s known methods of removing metals from wastewater and waste solutions of chemical reagents to form troublesome sludge’s, with a volume greater than the metal content in the waste. Adsorption method of removing metals from wastewater, electroplating and other industries is more acceptable. This method can be used in the treatment of industrial waste waters and waste solutions containing ions of chromium(VI) in chromate and dichromate ions, in metallurgical, machine-building, textile industries, leather industries, enterprises of organic synthesis, in production of pigments, pharmaceutical, and paint industries.
Purpose. The purpose of this study is the creation of an improved method of purifying water from chromium compounds with the using of available, inexpensive and environmentally friendly sorbents providing a full quantitative removal from contaminated water ions of chromium (VI) and chromium (III).
Methodology. The object of the study is used a model exhausted solution of electroplating chromium and of different origin as sorbents, activated carbon, coal, charcoal, wool, crushed cotton stalks and sawdust. To determine concentrations of chromium ions applied physico-chemical methods.
Originality. It’s found when using as a sorbent of activated carbon is observed the best result (the remainder 0.39 mg/l of the chromium ions (VI)), but does not provide requirements MPC ions of chromium (VI), this is achieved by re-cleaning clean the matrix of the sorbent.
Findings. The studying on the purification of polluted waters from hexavalent chromium by various adsorbents are given the opportunity to determine conditions for clearing to the MPC. Determined that sawdust in contrast to the crushed relatively more exhibits reducing ability than stalks of cotton.
Key words: sorbent, activated carbon, charcoal, wool, sawdust, cotton stalks.
Highlights:
* Iinstalled condition of purification of chromium ions to the MPC.
* Determined that some sorbents can be used as reducing agent.
Citation: F. I. Erkabaev The sorption method of purification of chromium-containing wastewater and waste solutions // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.9-14.
Received: 01.02.2017; Accepted: 13.02.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
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12. Pat. 2091318 RF, C02F1/28 Sposob adsorbcii hroma(VI) na aktivirovannom ugle/ L.A.Voropanova, E.Yu.Gegoeva (RF) – 94029353/25. Zayavleno 15.08.1994, Opublikovano 27.09.1997.
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UDK 628.1
V. P. Guro, D. S. Salihanova, I. D. Eshmetov, M. A. Ibragimova, F. N. Agzamova
IMPORT-SUBSTITUTING SCALE INHIBITOR "IGIC-1" FOR THE JSC "ALMALYK MMC"
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of AS of the RUz, Tashkent c., E-mail: ionxanruz@mail.ru
Abstract. Background. Preventing the formation of mineral deposits in water systems, as well as carbon steel corrosion resist in pipes and equipment, are still the most important tasks of power engineering, recycling and recirculation. The problem solved by the use of scale inhibitors is a new way of water treatment. Efficient protection from scale formation and metal corrosion is provided by reagents based on organic phosphonic acids, their complexes with zinc and some other metals. But the need for them is still satisfied through import only.
Purpose: To compare the efficacy of inhibition of scaling for two reactants: of domestic one called IGIC-1, developed in IGIC of Uz Acad Sci, and its analog used in water treatment at the JSC "Almalyk MMC" - reagent Option 785-2 (made in Russia).
Methodology. Determination of scale inhibition efficiency on steel was performed by an electrochemical method of a rotating disk electrode. The corrosion rate of carbon steel in water samples from Almalyk Zing plant, in the presence and absence of these inhibitors was evaluated by the gravimetric method.
Originality. The optimum concentration of reactants providing minimization concentration of the complex unbound Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in water is revealed. It is found to be 11-12 mg/l for IGIC-1, and 8-9 mg/l for Option 785-2. The use of local inhibitor reduces the speed of corrosion of carbon steel by 13%, and Option 785-2 does not exhibit the properties of a corrosion inhibitor.
Findings. The comparative efficacy data of application of scaling inhibitors are obtained, the best conditions of their use are selected. The optimal concentrations for the local reagent IGIC-1 and its import analogue used in JSC "Almalyk MMC" - Option 785-2 are revealed.
Keywords: cooling water, an inhibitor of scale, calcium and magnesium ions, the corrosion rate, carbon steel.
Highlights:
* Comparative tests of scale inhibitors are carried out.
* Optimum concentration of IGIC-1 is 11-12; of Option 785-2 is 8-9 mg/l.
Citation: V. P. Guro, D. S. Salihanova, I. D. Eshmetov, M. A. Ibragimova, F. N. Agzamova Import-substituting scale inhibitor "IGIC-1" for the JSC "Almalyk MMC" // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.14-20.
Received: 17.02.2017; Accepted: 17.03.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
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2.ZHuravlyov V. A., CHausov F. F., Savinskiy S. S. Vliyanie fosfonatov na obrazovanie kristallicheskih i amorfnyih faz karbonata kal`ciya v vodnyih rastvorah // "Santehnika, otoplenie, kondicionirovanie". -2006. –No.7. -C.28-31.
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14.GOST 9.506-87 Ingibitoryi korrozii metallov v vodno-neftyanyih sredah, metodyi opredeleniya zas`hitnoy sposobnosti.
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UDK 631.811.6:553.678
O. S. Narzullaev, R. N. Kim, A. M. Reymov, O. V. Myachina, O. I. Popova, A. X. Raxmonov
INFLUENCE OF GLAUCONITE ADDITIVES ON THE PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING FERTILIZERS
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of AS of the RUz, Tashkent c.
Abstract. Background. The presence of large areas of glauconitic sands in the Karakalpakstan territory, their accessibility and huge reserves create favorable conditions for their use as raw materials in the production of local mineral fertilizers. The glauconite contains a large number of trace elements, that’s why the creation of microelement-containing fertilizers with complex-forming, ion-exchange and sorption properties, which enable plants to develop fully on soils, is an advanced direction.
Purpose is to create nitrogen-containing fertilizers with glauconitic sand addition, to reveal the acquired properties obtained in this process.
Methodology. Introduction glauconitic sand as additive into ammonium nitrate with subsequent granulation, study of obtained glauconitic fertilizers properties: caking, moisture, bulk density, hygroscopic point of samples, strength by known methods.
Originality. For the first time the production processes of microelement containing fertilizers on the basis of mixing melts or solutions of nitrogen-containing salts with various types of glauconite in Karakalpakstan have been studied; the complex-forming, ion-exchange and sorption properties of glauconitic fertilizers are determined..
Finlings.
-The tests results of ammonium nitrate (AN) with the addition of glauconite show that the caking rate of ammonium nitrate is decreased by increasing of glauconite dose.
-With increase of mass glauconite in the fertilizer, the time for complete dissolution of the granules is increased 2 times, that in the control treatment.
-Glauconite reduces the porosity of ammonium nitrate, and this indicates an increase of their granules strength.
Key words: ammonium nitrate, melt, glauconitic sand, caking, hardness of granules.
Highlights:
* Mineral raw materials of one of glauconite deposits were chosen.
* Production technology of complex fertilizers.
* Mixing of melts of nitrogen-containing salts with glauconite.
* The properties of the melts and solutions.
Citation: O. S. Narzullaev, R. N. Kim, A. M. Reymov, O. V. Myachina, O. I. Popova, A. X. Raxmonov Influence of glauconite additives on the properties of nitrogen-containing fertilizers // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.20-26.
Received: 28.02.2017; Accepted: 27.03.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
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7. Kurbaniyazov R.K. Tehnologiya slozhnogo azotnofosfornogo udobreniya na osnove plava ammiachnoy selitryi i fosforitov Central`nyih Kyizyilkumov: Avtoref..… kand. tehn. nauk. - Tashkent, 2011. -28 s.
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UDK 661.333.1
B. Т. Коshanova, А. U. Erkaev, Z. К. Тоirov, 1B. H. Кucharov
PHYSIC-CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON PREPARATION OF SODIUM SULPHATE –CARBONATE SALTS
Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, 1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of AS of the RUz, Tashkent c., E-mail: kbh74@yandeх.ru
Abstract. Background. On behavior distribution in diagram of solubility of Na2CO3-Na2SO4-H2O sodium sulfate and carbonate areas crystallization, as well as their crystalline hydrates and double salts can be determined. The possibility of division of double salt, which can be used in manufacture of synthesis detergents and glass production with replacement of imported sodium sulfate by local natural mirabilite can be revealed.
Purpose. The aim of present study is to determine the optimal condition for double salts of sodium sulfate-carbonate from soda ash and Tyumruk mirabilite.
Methodology. It has been studied the solubility of Na2CO3-Na2SO4-H2O system at 30 и 70°С. Crystallization areas of Na2SO4•10H2O, Na2SO4, Na2CO3•7H2O, Na2CO3•H2O and double salts 2Na2SO4•Na2CO3 were delimited. The quality radiography analysis of resulting products was conducted. After establishment of equilibrium the sample selection from liquid and solid phases was made in order to analysis and defines position of system figurative point. The probes were explored for sulfate, carbon monoxide, and sodium.
Originality. The theoretical basis of interaction process of sodium sulfate and carbonate in three components 2Na+ //SO42-, CO3- - Н2О system at 30-70ºС was studied. Basing on data obtained on theoretical and experimental studies the equilibrium diagram of 2Na+// SO42-, CO3- - Н2О at 30 and 70ºС was built. The salts of crystallization patterns and nonvariant mono-and divariant nodal points generation were determined. For the first time the effect of technological parameters for outlet of double salt of sodium sulfate-carbonate was studied.
Findings. The composition of intermediate product was revealed by chemical and radiography method during briquette preparation from soda ash and Tyumruk mirabilite. The borders of crystallization areas contrast and established nodal points were determined. The experimental data on various salts in the product were confirmed and interpreted.
Keywords: solubility diagram, crystallization, soda ash, detergent, mirabilite, briquette.
Highlights:
* Double salts of sodium sulfate-carbonate were studied.
* Concentration limits of existence of solid phases equilibrium were revealed.
Citation: B. Т. Коshanova, А. U. Erkaev, Z. К. Тоirov, B. H. Кucharov Physic-chemical investigations on preparation of sodium sulphate –carbonate salts // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.27-33.
Received: 03.02.2017; Accepted: 05.03.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
1. Krashenninikov S.A. Tehnologiya sody.–М.: Himiya, 1988. – 319 s.
2. Linkeevich V.А. Tehnologiya kaltsinirovannoy sody. GAK «Uzkimiyosanoat», –Таshkent: 2005. – 83 s.
3. Коshanova B.Т., Erkaev А.U., Sharipova Х.Т. Issledovanie protsesa polucheniya bikarbonata natriya iz mirabilita i ugleammoninyh soley // «Кimyo, neft-gaz qayta ishlashning va oziq-ovqat sanoatlarini inovatsion tehnologialarini dolzarb muammolari» Respublika ilmiy-tehnika anjumaninig maqolalar tuplami. - Тоshkent-Кungrad: 2010. -199 s.
4. Kaipbergenov A.T., Erkaev A.U., Shadmanov O.Ya., Toirov Z.K. Development of compounding powder cleaners // Austrian Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences. - Vienna, 2015.- N 11-12. - pр.56-58.
5. Коshanova B.Т., Erkaev А.U., Таirov Z.К. i dr. Vzaimnaya sistema 2Na+, 2NH4+ // 2HCO3-, SO42- -H2O i eyo primeneniye k obosnovaniyu tehnologii polucheniya sody iz mirabilita. // Himiya i himicheskaya теhnologiya. № 3 – Таshkent: 2012, -S. 15-20.
6. Jukov A.F., Kolosova I.F., Kuznetsov V.V. Analiticheskaya himiya. Fizicheskie i fiziko-himicheskie metody analiza. М.: Ximiya, 2001. 496 s.
7. Plamennaya fotometriya: metodicheskie ukazaniya k laborotornoy rabote.// Samara. SGTU. 2013. -13 s.
8. Кuznetsova G.A. Каchestvenniy rentgenofazoviy analiz. Меtodicheskie ukazaniya.- Irkutsk, 2005, S.-20-22.
9. Nedoma I. Rasshifrovka rentgenogramm poroshkov. – М.: Меtallurgiya, 1975. – 423 s.
10. Мirkin L.I. Spravochnik po rentgenostrukturnomu analizu polikristallov. М.:1991. - 863 s.
11. Коshanova B.Т., Erkaev А.U., Таirov Z.К. i Yulchiev M.R. Теhnologya poluchenya burkeuta iz prirodnogo mirabilita. // Himicheskaya tehnologiya. Коntrol i upravleniya. Таshkent: 2013. -N 4. –S. 30-35.
12. Zdanovskiy A.B. Solovyova E.F. Lyahovskaya E,I., Shestakov N.E., Shleymovich R.E., Abutkova L.M. Spravochnik eksperimentalnyh dannyh po rastvorimasti mnogokamponentnyh vodno-solevyh sistem. Izd. 2-e, per. i dop.-L.: Himiya.1973.Кniga 2.-1070 s.
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UDK 631.85.661
1D. G. Pak, Sh. S. Namazov, А. А. Mamataliev, А. R. Setnazarov, А. R. Reymov, S. М. Tadjiev
GRANULAR COMPLEX NPK-FERTILIZERS BASED ON MELT OF AMMONIUM NITRATE, KYZYLKUM PHOSPHORITE AND POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of AS of the RUz, 1JSC «Farg `onaazot»
Abstract. Backgraund. In order to generate NPK- fertilizers either urea or potassium chloride is added into ammophos slurry with subsequence granulation in the rotary drum. However, this way is not economically impractical due to high introduction costs to produce ammophos slurry. Whereas granular complex fertilizers productions by direct mixing ammonium nitrate (NA) melt with phosphate raw with subsequence potassium chloride additive is the most perspective way. As phosphorus can be acceptable form for plant by ammonium nitrate in the phosphate raw without sulfuric acid.
Purpose. To study of granular NРК-fertilizers preparation based on ammonium nitrate, washed and dried concentrate or sludge phosphorite from Central Kyzylkum and potassium chloride.
Methodology. Introduction of washed and dried concentrate or sludge phosphorite and potassium chloride in ammonium nitrate melt with subsequence granulation of phosphate-chloride mixing by balling, as well as investigation of composition and properties of resulting fertilizers by well-known ways were used.
Originality. For the first time triple NРК-fertilizers production by introduction of Kyzylkum phosphorites and potassium chloride in ammonium nitrate melt were studied.
Findings. For generation of samples of NРК-fertilizers amount of phosphate raw was from 20 to 30 g, and КC1 from 5.75 to 57.5 with 100 g of ammonium nitrate melt. The granulation process of nitrogen-chloride-phosphate melt was conducted by balling. The composition and properties of fertilizer obtained were studied. The basic object of ammonium nitrate modification is improving strength of the product. It has been shown that strength of pure ammonium nitrate granule is 1.6 MPa while the strength of novel products with ratio AN:PRM: КCl = 100 : 30 : 57.5 is equal to 9.19 MPa.
Keywords: ammonium nitrate, phosphorites, potassium chloride, NPK-fertilizer, composition and property.
Highlights:
* The NРК-fertilizer by introduction of phosphorites and potassium chloride in AN was obtained.
* Their composition, strength, and dissolution speed of granule in water were studied.
Citation: D. G. Pak, Sh. S. Namazov, А. А. Mamataliev, А. R. Setnazarov, А. R. Reymov, S. М. Tadjiev Granular complex NPK-fertilizers based on melt of ammonium nitrate, Kyzylkum phosphorite and potassium chloride // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.33-41.
Received: 03.02.2016; Accepted: 17.03.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
1. Tehnologiya ammiachnoy selitre / Pod red. prof. V.M.Olevskogo. - M.: Himiya, 1978, 312 s.
2. Lavrov V.V., Shvedov K.K. O vzrevoopasnosti ammiachnoy selitre udobreniy na yeyo osnove // Nauchno-tehnicheskiye novosti: "INFOHIM" - Spesvipusk, 2004, N 2, S. 44-49.
3. Levin B.V., Sokolov A.N. Problemoe tehnicheskiye resheniya v proizvodstve kompleksnih udobreniy na osnove ammiachnoy selitre / Mir seri, N, P i K. - 2004.-N 2. - S. 13-21.
4. Baranius V., Barutskiy Yu., Krauze A., Paul D., Shtyumer K.-N. Promishlennie ustanovki dlya proizvodstva izvestkovo-ammiachnoy selitre / Jurnal VHO im. D.I.Mendeleeva. - 1983. T. 28.-N 4.- S. 439-445.
5. Jmay L., Hristianova Ye. Ammiachnaya selitra v Rossii i v mire. Sovremennaya situatsiya i perspektivo / Mir sere, N, P i K. - 2004. -N 2. - S. 8-12.
6. Postnikov A.V. Proizvodstvo i primeneniye izvestkovo-ammiachnoy selitre / Himizatsiya selskogo hozyaystva. - 1990. -N 9.- S. 68-73.
7. Pozin M.E. Tehnologiya mineralnih soley. Tom 2. - Leningrad: Himiya, 1970.- 1558 s.
8. Ilin V.A. Razrabotka tehnologi i slojnogo azotno-fosfatnogo udobreniya na osnove splava ammiachnoy selitre: Avtoref. dis. kand. tehn. nauk, Ivanovskiy Gos. himiko-tehnol. un-t, g. Ivanovo, 2006.-17 s.
9. Patent № 2223932 Rossiya. Kl. S 05 V 7/00, S 05 S 1/00. Sposob polucheniya slojnoih azotno-fosfornih udobreniy / V.A.Ilin, O.I.Patoxin, O.L.Glagolev, Ye.N.Selin, B.V.Levin, A.N.Sokolov, A.Yu.Sokolov, V.P.Samsonov, M.I.Rezenkov, V.R.Ansheles, Z.P.Simbireva, N.E.Javoronkova, O.E.Vasilkova. - Ot 20.02.2004.
10. Glagolev O.L. Prakticheskiy opit rabote agregata AS-72 na OAO "Cherepoveskiy azot" na gibkoy sheme proizvodstva ammiachnoy selitri i produktov na yeyo osnove / Mir seri, N, P i K. - 2004.-N 2. S. 21-23.
11. Ilin V.A., Rustambekov M.K., Akayev O.P., Nenaydenko G.N. Issledovaniye termostabilnosti slojnogo azotno-fosfatnogo udobreniya (SAFU) // Voprosi stabilizatsii plodorodiya i urojaynosti v Verhnevolje. - M.: VNIIA, 2006.- S. 128-136.
12. GOST 21560. 2-82. Udobreniya mineralnie. Metodi ispitaniy. - M.: Gosstandart, 1982, 30 s.
13. Metodi analiza fosfatnogo sirya, fosfornih i kompleksnih udobreniy, kormovih fosfatov / M.M. Vinnik, L.N. Yerbanova, P.M. Zaysev i dr. - M.: Himiya, 1975, 213 s.
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UDK 631.82+631.465
O.Myachina, A.Aliev, R.N.Kim, A.Rakhmonov, O.Narzullaev
ACTIVITY OF SOIL HYDROLASES UNDER THE NEW SLOW-ACTING FERTILIZERS
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of AS of the RUz, 1JSC «Farg `onaazot»
Abstract. Background. In the condition of irrigated agriculture the use of slow-acting fertilizer is most preferred, since they provide an uniform and gradual flux of macronutrients, without sharp increasing in microbial activity and intensive macroelements mineralization with its significant losses. At the IGIC of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences by introducing of fine-milled bentonite into ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate the new slow-releasing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were developed. Reducing of macronutrient release from fertilizer granules changes the trophic regime of soil, and directly affects on hydrolytic activity of soil enzymes, which involved in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles.
Purpose. The study of new slow-acting bentonite containing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers effect on activity of soil hydrolytic enzymes (urease and phosphatase) involved in nitrogen and phosphorus transformation.
Methodology. Assessment of urease activity determined by Galstyan colorimetric method (with Khaziev modification), phosphatase activity – by colorimetric Galstyan and Arutyunyan method.
Originality. For the first time the impact of slow-acting bentonite containing fertilizers on dynamics of soil enzymes of nitrogen and phosphorus cycle was shown.
Findings. It was found that use of long-acting fertilizer due to slow releasing nitrogen and phosphorus compounds into soil solution reduces the activity of hydrolytic enzymes (urease and phosphatase), inhibits of N- and P-containing compounds turnover intensification and its irrationally losses from soil.
Keywords: bentonite, fertilizers, slow release properties, nitrogen, phosphorus, transformation, enzymes, phosphatase, urease.
Highlights:
* A significant decrease of urease activity (up to 2.6-3.1 times) in the soil with bentonite modified fertilizers was detected.
* Impact of bentonite modified fertilizers on phosphatase activity was disparate: the combined of BAS and BAM use provides a moderate enzyme activity without significant changes in the seasons, while their alone using reduced significantly the level of phosphatase during the growing season (in antiphase).
Citation: O.Myachina, A.Aliev, R.N.Kim, A.Rakhmonov, O.Narzullaev. Activity of soil hydrolases under the new slow-acting fertilizers // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P. 42-47.
Received: 28.02.2017; Accepted: 27.03.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
1. Zubenko I.V. Posledeystvie dlitel`nogo primeneniya mineral`nyih udobreniy na plodorodie chernozema vyis`helochennogo i urozhaynost` yarovogo yachmenya s podsevom lyucernyi v polevom sevooborote. : Dis. ... kand. s.-h. nauk : 06.01.04.- Krasnodar. -2006. - 203 s.
2. Sultanov M., SHaripova S.N., Nasridinova G.H. Dinamika degradacii yelementov yeffektivnogo plodorodiya starooroshaemyih pochv i urozhaynost` hlopchatnika. //Dokladyi TASHN.- N2.- Dushanbeyu- 2008.- S.15-18.
3. Liu Guodong, Lincoln Zotarelli, Yuncong Li, David Dinkins, Qingren Wang, Monica Ozores-Hampton (2014) Controlled-Release and Slow-Release Fertilizers as Nutrient Management Tools.// Norticultural Sciences. 1255.- 2014.- N11.- rr. 1-7.
4. Trenkel M.E. (2010) Slow- and Controlled-Release and Stabilized Fertilizers: An Option for Enhancing Nutrient Efficiency in Agriculture. //Paris: International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA) .- 2010. - 160 pp.
5. Myachina O.V., Aliev A.T., YAkovleva I.A., Kim R.N., Nurieva O.T. Dinamika vyisvobozhdeniya makroyelementov iz azotnyih i fosfornyih udobreniy, modificirovannyih bentonitom.// Uzb.him.zhurnal.- 2016.- N1. -S.49-54.
6. Besada C., M.J. Alvarez, D. Gemma, M. Rey, M. Arias, B. Soto, M. D?az-Ravi?a (2004) Enzyme activities as potential indicators of soil management. //10th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology (ISME) Microbial Planet, Cancun, Mexico, August, 22-27.- 2004.- 259 p.
7. N.B. Hendriksen, R.E. Creamer, D. Stone, A. Winding (2016) Soil exo-enzyme activities across Europe-The influence of climate, land-use and soil properties.// Applied Soil Ecology, V. 97. - 2016. - Pp. 44-48.
8. Kandeler, E., Stemmer, M., Kilmanek, E.M. (1999) Response of soil microbial biomass, urease and xylanase within particle size fraction to long-term soil management. //Soil. Biol. Biochem.- 31.- pp. 261-273
9. German, D.P., Weintraub, M.N., Grandy, A.S., Lauber, C.L., Rinkes, Z.L., Allison, S.D. (2011). Optimization of hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme methods for ecosystem studies. //Soil Biol. Biochem. - 43.- pp.1387-1397.
10. Wittmann C., Kahkonen M.A., Ilvesniemi H., Kurola J., Salkinoja-Salonen M.S. (2004): Areal activities and stratification of hydrolytic enzymes involved in the biochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus in podsolized boreal forest soils. // Soil Biology and Biochemistry.- 2004.-36.- pr. 425-433.
11. Kotelev V.V. Rol` mikroorganizmov v razlozhenii organicheskih fosfatov i peredvizhenii fosfora v pochve: Avtoref. dis. ... doktora biol. nauk - Moskva.- 1964. - 30 s.
12. Bal?k J., Pavl?kov? D., Van?k V., Kulh?nek M., Kotkov? B. (2007): The influence of long-term sewage sludge application on the activity of phosphatases in the rhizosphere of plants.// Plant, Soil and Environment.- 2007.-53.- pp. 375-381.
13. Yu, X.; Liu, X.; Zhu, T.H.; Liu, G.H.; Mao, C. (2012) Co-inoculation with phosphate-solubilzing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria on solubilization of rock phosphate and their effect on growth promotion and nutrient uptake by walnut.// European Journal of Soil Biology.-V. 50.- 2012.- pp.112-117.
14. Mikanova O., Novakova J. (2002) Evaluation of the P - solubilizing activity of soil microorganisms and it sensitivity to soluble phosphate. // Rostlinna viroba, 48.- 2002.- (9) .- pp. 397- 400.
15. Acosta-Mart?nez V., Zobeck T. M., Allen Vivien.(2004) Soil Microbial, Chemical and Physical Properties in Continuous Cotton and Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems.// Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.- 2004.- 68.- pp.1875-1884.
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UDK 661.632.232
I. T. Samshidinov, N. R. Kan, I. I. Usmanov, Kh. Ch. Mirzakulov
RESEARCH OF PROCESS OF DEFLUORINATION OF EXTRACTION PHOSPHORIC ACID FROM PHOSPHORITES OF CENTRAL KYZYLKUM
Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, Tashkent c., E-mail: khchmirzakulov@mail.ru
Abstract. Background. Fluoric compounds have the most harmful influence on environment. The basic source of receipt of fluorine in soil are phosphor containing fertilizers. Clearing of extraction phosphoric acid (EPA) from fluorine will allow lowering of considerably high its content in phosphor containing fertilizers.
Purpose. Research’s objective is to decrease fluorine and sulphates content in extraction phosphoric acid by introduction into a ready extraction pulp of calcium carbonate.
Methodology. Definition of phosphates was carried by differential photometric method, of fluorine – by ionometrec, of calcium, magnesium, aluminum and iron – by complexometric, of sulphates – by weight methods.
Originality. For the first time evidence-based data on the simultaneous reduction of the content of fluoride and sulfate in wet-process phosphoric acid from phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum was obtained
Findings. Optimal technological parameters of the process of simultaneous defluorination and desalination of EPA from phosphorites of Central Kyzylkums with calcium carbonate and washed annealed P-concentrate (MOFC) by introducing them in the second section of the extractor, the ready extraction of the pulp in the amount of 100% on the binding of sulfate and 100-120% on the binding of fluoride.
The degree of transition of fluorine in the gas phase and phosphogypsum at the rate of 100-150% calcium on the binding of fluoride is 86.6-90.9%, and its content in wet-process phosphoric acid is reduced to 0.32-0.25%. In this case, the content of SO3 in the acid is reduced from 2.22% to 0.44-0.52%. The filtration rate varies slightly and is 806.46-809.07 kg/m2•h in the dry residue.
Key words: EPA, extraction pulp, calcium carbonate, MOFC, defluorination, filtration.
Highlights:
* Possibility of clearing of EPA is shown.
* Optimum technological parameters are established.
Citation: I. T. Samshidinov, N. R. Kan, I. I. Usmanov, Kh. Ch. Mirzakulov Research of process of defluorination of extraction phosphoric acid from phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.47-54.
Received: 01.02.2017; Accepted: 04.03.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
1. The national report on a condition of environment and use of natural resources in Republic Uzbekistan (1988-2007). – Tashkent, 2008. – 298 p.
2. Degree and economic consequences fluoride pollution. The survey information. – Obninsk, 1983. – Output.1. – 55 p.
3. Vasyayev G.V., Shevchenko T.P. About the fluorine content in a crop // Records of Leningrad agro. Ins. – K.: Publishing house LSXI, 1974. – Т. 218. – P.10-18.
4. Halilov A.H., Rozin B.I. About necessity of an exception of fluorine from structure of mineral fertilizers / In book An intensification of an agricultural production and a problem of protection of environment. – М.: Science, 1980. – 296 p.
5. Khujamkulov S.Z., Melikulova G.E., Mirmusaeva K.S., Mirsaidov M.X., Mirzakulov Kh.Ch. Research of processes of reception sodium fluorosilicate from extraction phosphoric acid on the basis of phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum // Chemical technology. The control and management. – Tashkent: TGTU, 2016. – N 1(67). – P. 34-40.
6. World Fertilizer trends and Outlook to 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization of the Unated Nations. Rome, FAO, 2015, 55 p. ISBN 978-92-5-108692-6.
7. Zaytsev V.A., Rodin V.I. Influence of fluorine on an organism of animals // Journal VXO named after D.I. Mendeleev, 1979. – Т. 24. – N 1. – P.42-47.
8. Kochetkov S.P., Smirnov N.N., Il’in A.I. Concentrating and clearing of extraction phosphoric acid. / GOUVPO Ivan. gov. chem.-technolog. ins. – Ivanova, 2007. – 308 p.
9. Userbaeva D., Toirov Z.K., Erkaev A.U., Kaipbergenov A.T. Desulfation and clearing of impurity extraction phosphoric acid from phosphorites of Central Kuzylkum // Chemistry and chemical technology. – Tashkent: TChTI, 2010. – N 2. – P.2-4.
10. Khujamkulov S.Z., Asamov D.D., Bardin S.V., Mirzakulov Kh.Ch. Defluorination of extraction phosphoric acid with salts of sodium. // Chemistry and chemical technology. 2008. – N 2. – P. 16-19.
11. Khujamkulov S.Z., Asamov D.D., Bardin S.V., Mirzakulov Kh.Ch. Defluorination of extraction phosphoric acid of Central Kyzylkum in the presence of sodium silicate. // Chemistry and chemical technology. 2008. – N 4. – P. 8-11.
12. Khujamkulov S.Z., Asamov D.D., Bardin S.V., Mirzakulov Kh.Ch. Technology working out defluorination of extraction phosphoric phosphoric acid of Central Kyzylkum with recycling of sodium silicate. // Chemical technology. The control and management. – Tashkent: TGTU, 2008. – N 4. – P. 41-45.
13. Arifdjanova K.S., Khujamkulov S.Z., Normurodov B.A., Shamaev B.E., Mirzakulov Kh.Ch. Desulfation of extraction phosphoric acid from phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum not enriched phosphatic raw materials. Chemical technology. The control and management. TGTU, 2016. N3. P. 32-39
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UDK 547.458.83.
O. R. Akhmedov, Sh. A. Shomurutov, 1H. S. Talipova, A. S. Turaev
FEATURES OF SYNTHESIS DIALDEHYDE CARBOXYMETHYL GUAR GUM DERIVATIVES AND NITROGEN CONTAINING COMPOUNDS ON THEIR BASIS
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, e-mail: Oliy86@bk.ru
1Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, Tashkent
Abstract. Background. Low cost, the necessary physical - mechanical properties and low toxicity of polysaccharides are the basis for their wide application in various industries. Despite the above-mentioned advantages of polysaccharides, there are some drawbacks, which include a low resistance to microorganisms, inertness and low solubility. An effective method to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of biopolymers is the introduction of reactive and hydrophilic groups to the structure of polysaccharides.
Purpose. Study of the reaction of Na-CMGG oxidation with different solubility and degree of substitution. To determine optimal conditions for conducting oxidation reaction. To obtain new nitrogen-containing polysaccharide derivatives based on dialdehydes Na-CMGG.
Methodology. The amount of aldehyde groups in the oxidized derivative Na-CMGG was studied by iodometric titration. The amount of guanidine and degree of substitution in the obtained compounds was determined by the nitrogen content. Structure of the sample was proved by IR spectroscopy.
Originality. This study shows the reaction periodate oxidation of Na-CMGG was carried for the first time. Nitrogen-containing compound was obtained on the basis of the obtained dialdehyde derivative Na-CMGG.
Findings. Dialdehyde derivative of carboxymethyl guar gum was obtained through conducted studies. It was found out that concentration of NaIO4, reaction time and γ affect the degree of oxidation of Na-CMGG. The optimal conditions for the oxidation reaction, which allow to enter the required amount of aldehyde groups in the Na-CMGG structure were found out. New nitrogen containing compounds have been obtained from chemically modified derivatives of Na-CMGG having varying degrees of oxidation. The structure and composition of the obtained compounds were studied by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Keywords: polysaccharide, guar gum, carboxymethylation, degree of oxidation, dialdehyde derivatives, guanidine.
Highlights:
* The optimal conditions for producing dialdehyde derivative Na-CMGG were found.
* The interaction of dialdehyde derivative Na-CMGG with guanidine was studied.
Citation: O. R. Akhmedov, Sh. A. Shomurutov, H. S. Talipova, A. S. Turaev Features of synthesis dialdehyde carboxymethyl guar gum derivatives and nitrogen containing compounds on their basis // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.55-61.
Received: 22.12.2016; Accepted: 03.02.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
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9. Аhmedov О.R., Shomurotov Sh.А., Turaev А.S. // Sovremennye aktualnye problemy estestvennykh nauk. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy internet-konferentsii. Aktobe. Kazakhstan. 2014. 18-27 dekabr. Т. 1. P. 98-101.
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11. Ding W., Zhao P., Li R. // Carbohydrate Polymers. 2011. V.83. P. 802-807.
12. Аhmedov О.R., Shomurotov Sh.А., Turaev А.S. // Uzbekskiy khimicheskiy zhurnal, 2013, N 1, S. 30-33.
13. Li. H., Wu B., Mu Ch., Lin W. // Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011,Vol. 84. P. 881-886.
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УДК 547.458.83
Sh. A. Shomurоtov
STUDY OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE AND ITS POLYMER COMPLEXES
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, E-mail: ibchem@uzsci.net
Abstract. Background. In recent years studies aimed at determining the molecular structure and rheological properties relationship of polysaccharides and their derivatives are of great interest. Since on the basis of these studies the complex structure of these polymers are determined, and in practical terms, these studies are relevant in connection with the possibility of their application in pharmacy as a basis for ointments and soft medicinal forms.
Purpose. Study of rheological properties of solutions of Na-CMC and its polymer complexes with isonicotinic acid hydrazide, evaluation of structural characteristics.
Methodology. Rheological properties of moderately concentrated solutions of Na-CMC and polymer complexes were studied on a rotary viscometer "Reotest-2" in a coaxial cylinders system, voltage interval of 2-380 Pa and a shear rate from 1.5 to 1310 cm-1 at various temperatures.
Originality. The rheological properties of moderately concentrated solutions of Na-CMC and its polymer complexes with INAH were studied and structural characteristics were evaluated.
Findings. The rheological properties and structural characteristics of moderately concentrated aqueous solutions of Na-CMC and its modified derivative complex with INAH were studied. It was found that non-Newtonian flow with viscous flow anomaly inherent pseudoplastics is characteristic for the studied systems. It is shown that the solutions systems of complexes are more structured due to higher degree of branched polymeric structures in aqueous media, a higher intensity of intermolecular interactions, which consequently leads to an increase in the size of the associative structural formations and their strength.
Keywords: carboxymethyl cellulose, polymer complex, isonicotinic acid hydrazide, rheology, activation energy, viscous flow.
Highlights:
* Rheological properties of moderately solutions of Na-CMC and its polymer complexes were investigated.
* Structural characteristics of the polymer complexes were evaluated.
Citation: Sh. A. Shomurоtov Study of rheological properties of aqueous solutions of carboxymethylcellulose and its polymer complexes // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.61-66.
Received: 22.12.2016; Accepted: 10.02.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
1. Molchanov V.S., Filenko D.G., Filippova O.E., Mityuk D.Yu., Guщina Yu.F. Issledovanie reologicheskih svoystv sistemy na osnove polisaharida i anionnogo PAV dlya primeneniya v kachestve strukturoobrazuyuщego agenta jidkosti razryva.// Bashkirskiy himicheskiy jurnal. 2010. Tom 17. N 3 S.141-142
2. Lipatov Yu.S. Kolloidnaya himiya polimerov// - Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1984. S. 343.
3. Derkach S.R., Voronko N.G., Maklakova A.A., Kondratyuk Yu.V., Reologicheskie cvoystva geley jelatiny c k-karraginanom: rol polisaharida. //Kolloidnyy jurnal, 2014, tom 76, N 2, S.164-170
4. Prosekov A.Yu., Ulrix E.V., Babich O.O., Suxix S.A., Reologicheskie svoystva rastitelnyh analogov farmatsevticheskogo jelatina// Fundamentalnye issledovaniya. – 2013. – N 10-15. – S. 3384-3388.
5. Bochek A.M., Zabivalova N.M. Reologicheskie svoystva vodnyh rastvorov karboksimetilsellyulozy raznoy stepeni neytralizatsii i s dobavkami razlichnoy prirody//Mat-ly 10-y Vserossiyskoy nauchn.-tehnich. konf. "Efiry sellyulozy i krahmala: sintez, svoystva, primenenie". Suzdal, 2003. S. 158-161.
6. Zabivalova N.M., Bochek A.M, Kalyujnaya L.M. Sintez amidov na osnove karboksimetilsellyulozy i ih svoystva//Mat-ly Vserossiyskoy nauchn.-tehnich. konf. "Efiry sellyulozy i krahmala: sintez, svoystva, primenenie" Vladimir, 2003. S. 51-54.
7. Zabivalova N.M., Bochek A.M., Kalyujnaya L.M., Vlasova E.N., Volchek B.Z. Amidy na osnove karboksimetilsellyulozy i ih svoystva //Jurn. prikl. himii. 2003. T. 76. № 12. S. 2048-2052.
8. Azarov V.I. Himiya drevesiny i sinteticheskih polimerov: uchebnik dlya vuzov/ Azarov V.I., Burov A.V., Obolenskaya A.V. – SPb.: SPbLTA, 1999. – T. 1. S. 628.
9. Petropavlovskiy G.A. Gidrofilnye i chastichno zameщennye efiry sellyulozy i ih modifikatsiya putem himicheskogo sshivaniya sellyulozy.//L.: Nauk, 1988. –298 s.
10. Turaev A.S., Shomuratov Sh.A., Murodov E.A., Nazirov P.//Uz. him. jurn.2006 N2 S.17-22
11. Torner R.V. Teoreticheskie osnovy pererabotki polimerov.//M.: Himiya,1977, S. 464
12. Vinogradov G.V., Malkin A.Ya. Reologiya polimerov.//M.: Himiya, 1977, S. 44
13. Kalantarova T.D. Termodinamicheskie harakteristiki i strukturnye osobennosti smesey polimerov na osnove polivinilpirrolidona i metilsellyulozy,// kand. diss., Tashkent, 1997.
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UDK 541.183: 66.066
D. J. Jumaeva
WATER PURIFICATION OF DRAINS IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY BY NEW DOMESTIC ADSORBENTS
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of AS of the RUz, E-mail: d.jumayeva@list.ru
Abstract. Background. The most common and highly effective method of water purification and water treatment is adsorption. It is used in wastewater treatment and in hydrometallurgy for extraction from aqueous mediums valuable components of processing of metalliferous raw mineral. For the adsorption of harmful and valuable substances from solutions, granular and powdered carbon adsorbents are used. But at the present time this adsorbent is purchased and imported to the republic from abroad. Import substitution is the urgent task facing standing domestic.
Purpose. The receipt of new efficient import-substituting coal adsorbents on the basis of local coal raw materials, by their thermal activation and their use for cleaning industrial effluents and reducing water hardness, removing residual quanties of oil products from sewage.
Methodology. Definition of cations Na+ and K+ - by the method of flame photometry; NH+ 4, NO-2, Fe2+ - by spectrophotometry (SF-26); Ca2+ and Mg2+ - by complexometric titration; CO2-3, HCO-3- by titration by B triton B; SO42- ions –and dry residue - by gravimetric method; pH – by measurement at pH-meter (EV-74); NO3- - by potentiometric method (ionomer EV-74) were carried out.
Originality. Basing on local Baysun coal with addition of carbonates of alkaline earth metals carbonates, composite adsorbents for the purification of industrial waste water "Mullahol" USE "Gazlineftegazdobycha" from ions of inorganic impurities and reduction of water hardness, as well as heat treatment of coal at 550ºC, adsorbent with hydrophobic properties (S=150 m2/g) for cleaning the surface of sewage from oil products was obtained.
Findings. With the use of the composition and heat treatment, new import-substituting coal adsorbents based on local raw materials were obtained.
Keywords: Production drain, oil products, oil and gas processing, heat treatment, composite adsorbent, MPC.
Highlights:
* Thermally activated carbon adsorbent on the bases of Baysun coal was received.
* Composite coal adsorbent on the basis of coal of 1T grade was developed.
* Import-substituting coal adsorbent on the bases of local raw materials was designed.
Citation: D. J. Jumaeva Water purification of drains in oil and gas industry by new domestic adsorbents // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.66-72.
Received: 02.03.2017; Accepted: 02.04.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
1. Yakovlev S.V. Vodootvedenie i ochistka stochnyih vod: uchebnik dlya vuzov. M.: Izdatel`stvo associaciya stroitel`nyih vuzov. - 2002.- S. 704.
2. Koganovskiy A.M. Adsorbciya i ionnyiy obmen v processah vodopodgotovki i ochistki stochnyih vod //Kiev: Nauk. Dumka. -1983. - S. 240.
3. Vasilenko L.F., Nikiforov A.F., Lobuhina T.B. Metodyi ochistki promyishlennyih stochnyih vod //Ekaterinburg: UGLTU.- 2009. - 174 s.
4. Borisov I.A. Metodyi ochistki stochnyih vod. Kniga 1- M.: Stroyizdat.-2008. - S. 196.
5. Nikiforov A.F., Percova I.G., Lipunov I.N. i dr. Teoreticheskoe osnovyi fiziko-himicheskih processov ochistki vodyi. - Ekaterinburg: UGLTU. -2008. -S 132.
6. Il`in V.I. Razrabotka tehnologicheskih resheniy po ochistke promyishlennyih stochnyih vod do predel`no dopustimyih koncentraciy // Yekologiya promyishlennogo proizvodstva.-2011.-N1.- S.66-68.
7. ZHumaeva D.ZH., Yеshmetov I.D., Agzamhodzhaev A.A. Ochistka proizvodstvennyih stochnyih vod ugol`nyimi adsorbentami, poluchennyih na osnove Angrenskogo uglya // Uzbekskiy himicheskiy zhurnal. - Tashkent. -2014. -N 5. - S 38-42.
8. ZHumaeva D.ZH., Yеshmetov I.D., Agzamhodzhaev A.A. Adsorbcionnaya ochistka i smyagchenie proizvodstvennyih stochnyih vod // ZHurnal Himicheskaya promyishlennost. Rossiya.- 2014. -Tom 91. -N3. S -150-154.
9. D.ZH.ZHumaeva, I.D.Yеshmetov, A.A. Agzamhodzhaev Ochistka proizvodstvennyih stochnyih vod ugol`nyimi adsorbentami // Materialyi Resp. nauchno-tehn.konf. "Ingredientyi iz mestnogo i vtorichnogo sir`ya dlya polucheniya novyih kompozicionnyih materialov". - Tashkent. -2014. - S 114-115.
10. D.ZH.ZHumaeva, I.D.Yеshmetov, A.A. Agzamhodzhaev Ochistka stochnyih vod proizvodstva ugol`nyimi adsorbentami // Materialyi IV Resp. nauchno-prakt.konf. "Analitik kimyo fanining dolzarb muammolari". - Termiz, Chast 2. 2014. - S 301- 303.
11. Jumaeva D.J., Eshmetov I.D., Jumabaev B.A., Agzamkhodjaev A.A. Coal adsorbents for sewage treatment //European Conference on Innovations in Technical and Natural Sciences // 6th International scientific conference 04th April 2015 East West Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH. Vienna. - Austria. -2015. - N4. - p.p. 202-206.
12. Jumaeva D.J Mutalov Sh.A., Jumabaev B.A., Agzamkhodjaev A.A. Pyrolysis products angren coal of Uzbekistan and the possibilities of their use for wastewater treatment //Austrian Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences -Vienna. - Austria. -2015. - N3. May-June - p.p.138-144.
13. Dilnoza Jumaeva Izzat Eshmatov, Berdah Jumabaev, Anvarkhodja Agzamkhodjayev. Sarbon adsorbents on the basis of brown coal of Angren for cleaning industrial wastewater //Journal of chemical technology and metallurgy. - Bulgaria. -2016. - V.52. - N2. - p.p. 210-214.
14. ZHumaeva D.ZH., Yеshmetov I.D., Agzamhodzhaev A.A., Z.YE. Iskandarov Vyisokoyeffektivnyie uglerodnyie adsorbentyi dlya ochistki stochnyih vod promyishlennyih predpriyatiy // Himicheskaya tehnologiya, kontrol i upravlenie. - Tashkent. - 2016, -N 2. - C. 14-18.
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UDK 547.917
G. Rahmonberdiev, A. S. Husenov, 1M. H. Malikova
INULIN FROM TOPINAMBOUR TUBERS OF GRADE «MUJIZA»
Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, Tashkent c., E-mail: khusenov_82@mail.ru Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Abstract. Background. Among serious diseases of last century pancreatic [insular] diabetes (PD, 70%), occupies the special place, which is pertinent to lifelong and constantly demands reception of medical products. Topinambouris a source of inulin, which is widely applied for the treatment of pancreatic [insular] diabetes.
Now there is a row of biological active additives in thecomposition, in which the powder of topinambour or inulin which is intended for prophylaxis of pancreatic diabetes, dysbacteriosis, osteoporosis, immunodeficiency. Therefore studying local inulin containing raw materials from topinambourtubers is actual.
Purpose. Tо obtain pure inulin, its individual fractions, working out of an optimum technique of allocation and clearing inulin.
Methodology. The subject of research were Topinambour tubers of grade of "Mujiza". While studying inulin methods of extraction of raw materials by water, sedimentation by alcohol have been used. Monosaccharide composition of samples has been studied by the method of acid hydrolysis with the subsequent analysis of paper chromatography. The structure of obtained inulins has been studied by the method of IR-spectroscopy and electron microscopy.
Originality. Optimum techniques of allocation and clearing inulin from topinambour tubers of grade "Mujiza" have been developed, where the inulin content is made by 19-22% and techniques of allocation, identification of three polymorphic forms of inulin (α - β - and γ-inulins), different in appearance and their solubility in water.
Quality rating of obtained high-purified inulin has been defined and the physical and chemical characteristics have been given.
Findings. The appropriateness of use of local grade of topinambour "Mujiza" collected in a fruiting stage on the second year of life of a plant as inulincontaining raw materials has been shown. Optimum conditions of allocation and purifying inulin from topinambour tubers (the content of inulin makes from 19% to 22% in conversion on dry raw materials) have been determined.
Quality rating of obtained high-purified inulin has been defined (the content of acting substance not less than 95% in conversion on fructose), oligomerpolysacharide composition has been studied, its molecular weight (5200Dа) and average degree of polymerization (25-30) have been determined.
Keywords: topinambour tubers, inulin, polyforms, structure, IR-spectroscopy, chromatography, electron microscopy.
Highlights:
* Inulin has been obtained from topinambour tubers grade of "Mujiza" with output of 22%.
* Optimum techniques of allocation and purifying inulin have been developed.
Citation: G. Rahmonberdiev, A. S. Husenov, M. H. Malikova Inulin from topinambour tubers of grade «Mujiza» // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.73-79.
Received: 04.01.2016; Accepted: 04.03.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
1. Trubachyov A.A, Oleshko G.I. Opredelenie inulina v kapsulah Inulin-Liavir spektrofotometricheskim metodom //Vestn. VGU. Seriya: Himiya. Biologiya. Farmatsiya. – 1999. –N5. – S.84-87.
2. Ananina N.A. Ispolzovanie klubney georgini prostoy kak alternativnogo istochnika polucheniya inulina. Dis. ... kand. farm. nauk. g. Pyatigorsk, PGFAFAZSR. 2011. – C. 72-74.
3. Cooper P.D. The anti-melanoma activity of inulin in mice // Mol.Immun.-1999. –Vol. 23. –P. 37-44.
4. Xusenov A.Sh. Tehnologiya polucheniya proizvodnih inulina iz poroshka klubney topinambura (Helianthus tuberosus l.): Dis. … kand. xim. nauk. Tashkent – 2011. – S 9-12.
5. Roberfroid M. Dietarybfiber, inulin, and oligofructose: a review comparing their physioiogical effects // Food Sci. – 1993. –Vol. 33. – P. 103-148.
6. Ernst M, Chatterton N.J. Purification and characterization of a new fructan series from species of Asteraceac // new Phytologyst. – 1996. –Vol.132. – P.63-66.
7. French A.D. Recent advances in the structural chemistry of inulin. -London: Elsevier, – 1993. – R. 222.
8. Hodjaeva M. A., Ismailov Z.F., Kondratenko .S., Shashkov A.S. II/ Uglevodi Allium L. Novyy tip glyukofruktana iz Allium sativum //Himiya prirod. Soedin., -1982, -N1. – S. 23-28.
9. Rahmanberdyeva R.K., Rashkes Ya.V., Rahimov D.A. Polisaxaridi Polygonatum. YIII. Stroenie glyukofruktana Polygonatum sewerzowii. Mass-spektrometricheskie svoystva peratsetatov fruktooligosaharidov //Himiya prirod. Soedin. -1986, -N2. – S.146-151.
10. Cooper P.D. Anti-complementary action of polymorphic solubility forms of particulate inulin // Mol. Inulin. – 1997. – Vol. 23. – P. 25-36.
11. Grushetsky R. Comparative analysis of different methods of inulin isolation // Carbohydractes, – 2004. –Vol.7. – P.8-13.
12. French A.D. Chemical and physical properties of fructans // Plant Physicol.-1991. –Vol.134. – P. 125-136.
13. Rahmanberdiev G.R., Murodov M.M., Husenov A.Sh. Kompleksnaya pererabotka tsentralno – aziatskogo topolya i rasteniya topinambur // Kimyo va kimyo tehnologiyasi. –Toshkent, 2016. Mahsus soni. – S. 51–58.
14. Grinenko I. Inulin as an ingredient of functional and health food // Ninth seminar on inulin.-Budapest, – 2002. – P.52-54.
15. Van Loo J.A, Englyst N.A. Functional food properties of non-digestible oligosaccharides // Br.J.Nutr. – 1999. – Vol.81. – P.121-132.
16. Simonovska B. Determination of inulin in Foods // J.Nutr. –2000. – Vol. 83. – P. 65-68.
17. G.Rahmanberdiev, A.Sh.Husenov, O.Sh.Kadirov. Polniy kislotniy gidroliz inulina. Materiali mejdunarodnoy nauchno – tehnicheskoy konferentsii «Sovremennie tehnika i tehnologii gorno-metallurgicheskoy otrasli i puti ih razvitiya». –Navoi, 2010. – S. 415-416.
18. A.Sh.Husenov, M.X.Malikova, A.G.Eshimbetov, G’.Raxhmonberdiev. Topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuganigadan α – inulin olish. Respublika ilmiy-tehnikaviy konferintsiya materiallari «Kompozitsion materiallar va ulardan mahsulotlar olishning progressiv tehnologiyalari» Toshkent, 2015. – S. 292-293.
19. Rastrovaya elektronnaya mikroskopiya i rentgenovskiy mikroanaliz. Pod redaktsiey V.I.Petrova, M.:Mir, 1984. – S. 301.
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UDK 664.66.085.1
M. S. Zokirova, K. O. Dodayev
INVESTIGATION OF THE INSULATING HYDROLYSIS PROCESS OF HELIANTUS TUBEROSUS
Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, Tashkent c., E-mail: mashxuratkti@mail.ru
Abstract. Background. Currently, synthetic sweeteners such as aspartame, saccharin, xylitol, sorbitol are used to sweeten confectionery used in the dietary purpose. However, these sweeteners do not meet the requirements of dietary products. From a medical and biological point of view, fructose is the substitute for the most useful sweet component - sucrose.
Purpose. The main goal of the research is extracting inulin tubers of Heliantus tuberosus artichoke by extraction, obtaining by acid hydrolysis of syrup. A further task is to study the increase in the amount of fructose and the change in the amount of vitamins.
Methodology. High-molecular and low-molecular fructosans are separated separately by dialysis. The amount of fructose is determined by the Selivanov method, vitamins using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Originality. In our experiments, hydrolysis was carried out by the action of organic acids of pomegranate and lemon juices and concentrated citric acid.
Findings. According to the results obtained, the extract with inulin obtained by acid hydrolysis of pomegranate juice is 1.5 times greater than the extract obtained by hydrolysis with citric acid, and in comparison with the hydrolysed extract by means of concentrated citric acid exceeds by 1.3 times. The combined vitamins are released due to the effect of temperature, but their quantity decreases due to the effect of temperature.
Key words: inulin, fructose, hydrolysis, vitamin, juice, acid, inulinase, enzyme.
Highlights:
* Inulin Heliantus tuberosus artichoke is hydrolyzed by fruit juices with high acidity.
* Changes in the amount of vitamins under the effect of temperature take place.
Citation: M. S. Zokirova, K. O. Dodayev Investigation of the insulating hydrolysis process of heliantus tuberosus // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.80-85.
Received: 01.02.2017; Accepted: 13.03.2017; Published: 03.04.2017
References
1. Kupin G.А., О.Е. Ruvinskiy, G.M. Zаykо / /Isslеdоvаniе gidrоlizа inulinа v sоkе tоpinаmburа // Izvеstiya VUZоv. Pishеvаya tеhnоlоgiya. - 2002. –M. N 5-6. - S.78-79.
2. Sаlihоv C.А., Rаhimоv D.А. Tоpinаmbur (Heliantus tuberosus L) «Fаyz bаrаkа» vа «Mo’jizа» nаvlаri: indеntifikаsiyalаsh, kimyoviy hоssаlаri, ishlаb chiqаrishgа trаnsfеr qilish // Mоnоgrаfiya – Tоshkеnt, 2014. -98-104 b.
3. Rаhimоv D.А., Jаuinbаеvа K.S., Mеjlumyan L.G., Sirоv V.N., Sаlihоv S.А. Uglеvоdi i bеlki Heliantus tuberosus // Himiya prirоd. sоеd. T. 2014. -N2. -S. 301-302.
4. Pаtеnt №IAP 04699 RU. Spоsоb pоluchеniе sоkа iz klubnеy tоpinаmburа / Hоdiеv B.YU., Sаlihоv S.А., Rаhimоv D.А., Mаvlyanоvа R.F., Аzizоv U.M., Ellisоv А.B., Eshmаtоv F.H. -20100338 - Zаyavlеnо 20.07.2010; Оpubl. 27.05.2013, Byul. 4.- S.8.
5. Djаnikulоvа U.B., Аhmеdоvа Z.R. Enzimаtichеskiy spоsоb pоluchеniya fruktоznоgо sirоpа dlya piеvоy prоmishlеnnоsti // Uzbеkskiy biоlоgichеskiy jurnаl. -T, 2006. -N1. -S. 132-135.
6. Mirоnоvа L.N. i dr. Rеzultаti srаvnitеlnоgо izuchеniya himichеskоgо sоstаvа pоdzеmnih оrgаnоv gеоrgini i tоpinаmburа.// Vеstnik ОGU 2009. -N6. –S. 32-35.
7. Pаtеnt №2167198. Spоsоb prоizvоdstvа fruktоznоgо sirоpа iz tоpinаmburа. / Kаntеrе V.M., Vinаrоv А.YU, Muhаmmеdjаnоvа T.G., Ipаtоvа T.V., Еrеmin V.А., Sidоrеnkо T.Е. – 2000115922/13; Zаyavlеnо 22.06.2000; Оpubl.20.05.2001. Byul. 2.-10.
8. Аkоpyan YU.R. Rаzrаbоtkа tеhnоlоgii pоluchеniya fruktоznоgо sirоpа iz tоpinаmburа: Diss. ... kаn. tеhn. nаuk. M., 1995. – 82 s.
9. SHuvаеvа G.P. Tоpinаmbur v prоizvоdstvе diеtichеskih nаpitkоv // Hrаnеniе i pеrеrаbоtkа sеlhоzsirya. - 2002. M. -N12 –S. 42-44.
10. YArоvоy S.А. Biоtеhnоlоgiya inulinа i еgо prаktichеskое primеnеniе: Diss. ... kаnd. tеhn. nаuk. V., 2011.-104 s.
11. Nаzаrеnkо. M.N. Sоvеrshеnstvоvаniе tеhnоlоgiy pоluchеniya inulinа i fruktоzо-glyukоznоgо sirоpа iz tоpinаmburа i ih primеnеniya v prоizvоdstvе funksiоnаlnih mоlоchnih prоduktоv: Dis. ... kаnd. tеhn. nаuk. / K., 2014. -140 s.
12. Nаzаrеnkо M.N., Bаrhаtоvа T.V., Kоjuhоvа M.А., Drоzdоv R.А. Isslеdоvаniе prоsеssа fеrmеntаsii inulinа pri prоizvоdstvе fruktоzо-glyukоznоgо sirоpа // Pоlitеmаtichеskiy sеtеvоy elеktrоnniy nаuchniy jurnаl. -2013. -K. N6 –S. 30-34.
13. Yarasheva M.T., Ahmedova Z.R. Novaya biotehnologiya polucheniya pekarskih drojjey na osnove topinambura // O’zbekistonda yaratilgan topinambur industriyasining salohiyati: korporativ innovasion hamkorlik natijalari va istiqbollari. –T., 2013, 130-135 b.
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UDK 664.1
N. K. Majidova, Y. K. Kadirov
MODELING OF CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF COTTONSEED OIL
E-mail: kafedra-03@mail.ru
Abstract. Background. One of prominent features of set catalytic processes is their course in the conditions of non-stationary activity of the catalyst. Therefore studying of questions of non-stationary activity of catalysts and on their basis mathematical modeling of operating processes for the purpose of their intensification, optimum control in regime parameters, improvements of selectivity and life cycle of catalysts, and also optimum designing of highly effective processes is the major problem.
Purpose - development of scientific bases of modeling, intensification, optimum control and optimum designing of catalytic processes with the account of non-stationary activity of catalysts and their appendix to the decision of practical problems.
Methodology. For modeling of catalytic processes of hydrogenation of cotton oil are used powder-like and stationary catalytic systems, promotored with various metals of VIII group of periodic system. Hydrogenation of cotton oil was carried out on autoclaves with mixers and reactors of columned type.
Originality. General principles of modeling and optimum control of the big class of catalytic processes proceeding in reactors with a motionless layer of slowly deactivated catalyst are developed.
Findings. Main principles of modeling and intensification of reactors with fluidizatedlayer circulating in reactor-regeneration catalyst block are formulated.
Key words: catalytic processes, powdered and stationary catalysts, activity, hydrogenation of cottonseed oil, modeling.
Highlights:
* General principles of modeling reactor with a motionless layer are developed.
* The optimum operating mode of the reactor can be tabulated as time function.
Citation: N. K. Majidova, Y. K. Kadirov Modeling of catalytic hydrogenation of cottonseed oil // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.85-92.
Received: 02.03.2016; Accepted: 21.11.2016; Published: 03.04.2017
References
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UDK 665.335.1
Sh. Sh. Hakimov, K. H. Majidov, D. J. Hujakulova
INFLUENCE OF ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID AND CARBON DIOXIDE ON QUALITY OF THE REFINED COTTON OIL
E-mail: kafedra-03@mail.ru
Abstract. Background. Deodorization is the most radical way of removal pesticides from oils and fats. The deodorized fats are issued as food commodity production, and for industrial processing. Communications with it, researches of new methods of processing of the refined cotton oil puts both scientific and practical interest.
Purpose – aimed on perfection of technology of processing of the refined cotton oil by influence of orthophosphoric acids and carbon dioxide in the course of its drying and adsorptive refining is directed at preparation of raw material to deodorization.
Methodology. At carrying out of researches standard techniques and modern tool methods of the physical and chemical analysisare used. In tests of cotton oil the maintenance of atom-adsorptive metals has been defined by a method. Mass fraction definition phosphoprous-containing substances spent colorimetric method.
Originality. Combination of processes of drying and adsorptive refining thermo activated by sorbents preliminary processed orthophosphoric acid of the refined oil, at bubbling a suspension layer carbonic gas leads to deep removal from oils peroxide bounds, phosphoprous-containing substances, a moisture and flying bounds.
Findings. Experimentally established that at oil drying (initial moisture content in oil=0.6%) at presence orthophosphoric acids, are absent accumulation in oil of hydroperoxides and dienebounds, but the maintenance phosphoprous-containing bounds increases and the acid number of oils increases. At drying, it is initiated catalytic epoxidation hydroperoxides accelerated by acid.
Key words: acid number of oils, thermo activated sorbent, orthophosphoric acid, diene compounds.
Highlights:
*Bubbling of СО2 through a butter layer constant inflow of ions of hydrogen, replacement dissolved in oil and water of oxygen and removal of gaseous products of reaction in a gas current under vacuum is simultaneously reached.
Citation: Sh. Sh. Hakimov, K. H. Majidov, D. J. Hujakulova Influence of orthophosphoric acid and carbon dioxide on quality of the refined cotton oil // Uzbek chemical journal, -2017. –Nr2. –P.92-99.
Received: 17.03.2016; Accepted: 21.11.2016; Published: 03.04.2017
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